rs371019314

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_014363.6(SACS):c.9404T>C(p.Leu3135Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000109 in 1,612,672 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00011 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

SACS
NM_014363.6 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 8.95

Variant links:

Genes affected

SACS (HGNC:10519): (sacsin molecular chaperone) This gene encodes the sacsin protein, which includes a UbL domain at the N-terminus, a DnaJ domain, and a HEPN domain at the C-terminus. The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, also found in skin, skeletal muscles and at low levels in the pancreas. This gene includes a very large exon spanning more than 12.8 kb. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and peripheral neuropathy. The authors of a publication on the effects of siRNA-mediated sacsin knockdown concluded that sacsin protects against mutant ataxin-1 and suggest that "the large multi-domain sacsin protein is able to recruit Hsp70 chaperone action and has the potential to regulate the effects of other ataxia proteins" (Parfitt et al., PubMed: 19208651). A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

SACS links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 12 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.878

PP5

Variant 13-23334472-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr13-23334472-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 411687.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SACS	NM_014363.6 link	c.9404T>C	p.Leu3135Ser	missense_variant	Exon 10 of 10	ENST00000382292.9	NP_055178.3	Q9NZJ4-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SACS	ENST00000382292.9 link	c.9404T>C	p.Leu3135Ser	missense_variant	Exon 10 of 10	5	NM_014363.6	ENSP00000371729.3		Q9NZJ4-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000657

AC:

AN:

152146

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000132

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000121

AC:

AN:

248822

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000148

AC XY:

AN XY:

134852

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000266

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000114

AC:

166

AN:

1460526

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000106

AC XY:

AN XY:

726594

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.000146

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000331

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000657

AC:

AN:

152146

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000673

AC XY:

AN XY:

74336

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.000132

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000142

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000756

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia

Pathogenic:5

May 12, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: SACS c.9404T>C (p.Leu3135Ser) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.2e-05 in 248822 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.9404T>C has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia Of Charlevoix-Saguenay (Parkinson_2018). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 29538656). Four ClinVar submitters have assessed the variant since 2014: two classified the variant as uncertain significance, one as likely pathogenic, and one as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic. -

Jan 01, 2022

PROSPAX: an integrated multimodal progression chart in spastic ataxias, Center for Neurology; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

Nov 21, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 20, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Sep 05, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Spastic paraplegia

Pathogenic:1

Aug 10, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 3135 of the SACS protein (p.Leu3135Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs371019314, gnomAD 0.003%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (PMID: 29538656; Invitae). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 411687). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt SACS protein function with a negative predictive value of 95%. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Oct 10, 2022

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The frequency of this variant in the general population is consistent with pathogenicity (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). In multiple individuals with clinical features associated with this gene, this variant has been seen with a single recessive pathogenic variant in the same gene, suggesting this variant may also be pathogenic. Computational tools predict that this variant is damaging. -

Hereditary spastic paraplegia

Uncertain:1

Oct 02, 2017

Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: flagged submission

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.98

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.40

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.40

CADD

Uncertain

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.67

.;D

Eigen

Uncertain

0.65

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.69

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.90

D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.24

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.88

D;D

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.69

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.1

.;L

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.86

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.7

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.79

Sift

Uncertain

0.0030

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D

Vest4

0.96

MVP

0.94

ClinPred

0.95

GERP RS

5.8

Varity_R

0.54

gMVP

0.87

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over