rs372429157

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):c.1696G>A(p.Glu566Lys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000732 in 1,612,564 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. E566A) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000053 ( 0 hom., cov: 30)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000075 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

POLD1
NM_002691.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:9B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.00

Publications

5 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome
Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
immunodeficiency 120
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

POLD1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.06932807).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4 link	c.1696G>A	p.Glu566Lys	missense_variant	Exon 14 of 27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2	P28340A0A024R4F4Q59FA0

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7 link	c.1696G>A	p.Glu566Lys	missense_variant	Exon 14 of 27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1		P28340

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000526

AC:

AN:

151994

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000725

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000735

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000602

AC:

AN:

249026

AF XY:

0.0000445

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000290

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000979

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000165

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000753

AC:

110

AN:

1460570

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000633

AC XY:

AN XY:

726478

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33450

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000224

AC:

AN:

44664

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26116

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39672

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000580

AC:

AN:

86156

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53102

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5760

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000936

AC:

104

AN:

1111320

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60330

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.487

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000526

AC:

AN:

151994

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000808

AC XY:

AN XY:

74232

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000725

AC:

AN:

41378

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15258

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5180

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4812

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10582

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000735

AC:

AN:

68008

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2078

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.481

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.000135

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000529

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000330

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:9Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified

Uncertain:3

Apr 07, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: POLD1 c.1696G>A (p.Glu566Lys) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 6e-05 in 249026 control chromosomes. The observed variant frequency is approximately 4.24 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in POLD1 causing Colorectal Cancer phenotype (1.4e-05). However, these data must be interpreted with caution as the sequencing technology utilized does not distinguish between this gene and highly homologous pseudogenes. c.1696G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with colorectal cancer and anaplastic astrocytoma (e.g., Mikaeel_2022, Muskens_2020). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Colorectal Cancer. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 31422818, 34761457, 31970404). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 407947). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Dec 28, 2016

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.Glu566Lys variant in POLD1 has not been previously reported in individuals with colorectal cancer, but has been identified in 1/15260 of South Asian chrom osomes by the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC, http://exac.broadinstitute.org ; dbSNP rs372429157). Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis d o not provide strong support for or against an impact to the protein. In summary , the clinical significance of the p.Glu566Lys variant is uncertain. -

not provided

Uncertain:2

Apr 15, 2025

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis indicates that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge -

Jan 03, 2020

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

Uncertain:2

Jan 28, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with lysine, which is basic and polar, at codon 566 of the POLD1 protein (p.Glu566Lys). This variant is present in population databases (rs372429157, gnomAD 0.008%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 407947). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Jan 11, 2024

St. Jude Molecular Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The POLD1 c.1696G>A (p.Glu566Lys) missense change has a maximum subpopulation frequency of 0.01% in gnomAD v2.1.1 (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/). The in silico tool REVEL predicts a benign effect on protein function, but this prediction has not been confirmed by functional studies. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with POLD1-related disease. In summary, the evidence currently available is insufficient to determine the clinical significance of this variant. It has therefore been classified as of uncertain significance. -

POLD1-related disorder

Uncertain:1

May 22, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

The POLD1 c.1696G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Glu566Lys. To our knowledge, this variant has not been reported in the literature. This variant is reported in 0.010% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD and is listed as as likely benign and uncertain in the ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/407947/). This variant could be benign. At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Familial colorectal cancer type X

Uncertain:1

Sep 27, 2022

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Benign:1

Mar 07, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.11

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.36

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.56

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.73

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.064

T;.;.;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.96

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.82

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.82

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.97

.;.;D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.012

MetaRNN

Benign

0.069

T;T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.95

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.11

N;.;.;N

PhyloP100

1.0

PrimateAI

Benign

0.39

PROVEAN

Benign

0.45

N;.;.;.

REVEL

Benign

0.054

Sift

Benign

1.0

T;.;.;.

Sift4G

Benign

0.99

T;T;T;T

Polyphen

0.0010

B;.;.;B

Vest4

0.32

MVP

0.28

MPC

0.80

ClinPred

0.028

GERP RS

-0.33

Varity_R

0.082

gMVP

0.42

Mutation Taster

=86/14

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over