rs375137598

Variant names:

• chr2-170816715-T-G
• rs375137598
• ENST00000375272.5:c.-401T>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -7 ACMG points: 0P and 7B. BP4_Moderate BS1_Supporting BS2

The ENST00000375272.5(GAD1):​c.-401T>G variant causes a 5 prime UTR change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00409 in 151,442 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 3 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0041 (3 hom., cov: 31)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: GAD1 ENST00000375272.5 5_prime_UTR
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.706
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

GAD1 (HGNC:4092): (glutamate decarboxylase 1) This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form and a less-frequent 25-kD form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ERICH2-DT (HGNC:55686): (ERICH2 divergent transcript)

GAD1-AS1 (HGNC:40250):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -7 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.24).
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population sas. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.00409 (619/151442) while in subpopulation SAS AF = 0.00771 (37/4798). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00575. There are 3 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 314 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 31. This position passed quality control check. Existence of Clinvar submissions makes me limit the strength of this signal to Supporting
• BS2: High Homozygotes in GnomAd4 at 3 AR gene

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: ENST00000375272.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GAD1-AS1	NR_197761.1		n.643+139A>C		intron	N/A
	GAD1-AS1	NR_197762.1		n.412+139A>C		intron	N/A
	GAD1-AS1	NR_197763.1		n.469+139A>C		intron	N/A

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GAD1	ENST00000375272.5	TSL:1	c.-401T>G		5_prime_UTR	Exon 1 of 7	ENSP00000364421.1	Q99259-3
	GAD1	ENST00000625689.2	TSL:5	c.-397T>G		5_prime_UTR	Exon 1 of 18	ENSP00000486612.1	Q99259-4
	GAD1	ENST00000454603.5	TSL:4	c.-63-1814T>G		intron	N/A	ENSP00000402366.1	C9JLZ7

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00409 AC: 619 AN: 151348 Hom.: 3 Cov.: 31

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00105

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00296

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.000194

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00770

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00966

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00645

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00568

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00240

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0 AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 398 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 210

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 20

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 6

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 6

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 36

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 6

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44

Middle Eastern (MID) AC: 0 AN: 0

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 248

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 32

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00409 AC: 619 AN: 151442 Hom.: 3 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00425 AC XY: 314 AN XY: 73946

African (AFR) AF: 0.00104 AC: 43 AN: 41230

American (AMR) AF: 0.00295 AC: 45 AN: 15246

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.000195 AC: 1 AN: 5128

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00771 AC: 37 AN: 4798

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00966 AC: 100 AN: 10350

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00694 AC: 2 AN: 288

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00568 AC: 386 AN: 67916

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00238 AC: 5 AN: 2104

Alfa AF: 0.00487 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00322

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions as Germline

Significance: Uncertain significance

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	1	-	Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.24
CADD	Benign	17
DANN	Benign	0.92
PhyloP100		0.71
PromoterAI		0.092	Neutral
Mutation Taster		=300/0	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs375137598; hg19: chr2-171673225;