rs375699023

Positions:

• chr16-23635504-G-A
• chr16-23635504-G-C
• chr16-23635504-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.1042C>T​(p.Gln348*) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000684 in 1,461,558 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:10
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.401

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 16-23635504-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-23635504-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 221914.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.1042C>T	p.Gln348*	stop_gained	4/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.1042C>T	p.Gln348*	stop_gained	4/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.84e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1461558 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 727094

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000224

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:10

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast Pathogenic:5

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Mar 03, 2023	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 30, 2023	This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a termination codon and is predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Oct 06, 2023	This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Gln348*) in the PALB2 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in PALB2 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 17200668, 17200671, 17200672, 24136930, 25099575). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (PMID: 27067391). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 221914). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Feb 19, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Mendelics	May 28, 2019	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Feb 28, 2024	The p.Q348* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.1042C>T), located in coding exon 4 of the PALB2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1042. This changes the amino acid from a glutamine to a stop codon within coding exon 4. This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Nov 07, 2023	This variant changes 1 nucleotide in exon 4 of the PALB2 gene, creating a premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. This variant has been reported in five individuals affected with breast and/or ovarian cancer (PMID: 33811135, 35610400) and in an individual with a personal or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (PMID: 27067391). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of PALB2 function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

May 26, 2022

Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 27067391, 31841383, 25099575, 24136930, 17200672, 17200671, 17200668, 32885271) -

Malignant tumor of breast Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

-

The PALB2 p.Gln348X variant was identified in 1 of 204 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.005) from individuals or families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (Mucaki 2016 PMID:27067391). The variant was also identified in ClinVar (classified as Pathogenic by Ambry Genetics; classified as likely Pathogenic by GeneDx, Counsyl), Clinvitae (classified as Pathogenic or likely Pathogenic by ClinVar), databases. The variant was not identified in dbSNP, LOVD 3.0, Zhejiang Colon Cancer Database, databases. The variant was also not identified in the following control databases: the 1000 Genomes Project, the NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project, the Exome Aggregation Consortium (August 8th 2016), or the Genome Aggregation Database (Feb 27, 2017). The p.Gln348X variant leads to a premature stop codon at position 348, which is predicted to lead to a truncated or absent protein and loss of function. Loss of function variants of the PALB2 gene are an established mechanism of disease in PALB2-associated cancer and is the type of variant expected to cause the disorder. In summary, based on the above information this variant meets our laboratory’s criteria to be classified as pathogenic. -

Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

research

Dr. Peter K. Rogan Lab, Western University

Feb 05, 2015

Sequenced patient with familial breast cancer -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.60	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.44
CADD	Pathogenic	34
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Uncertain	0.56
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.30
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.79	D
Vest4		0.76
GERP RS		3.8

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs375699023; hg19: chr16-23646825;