rs376467400

Positions:

• chr18-46641995-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM2 PP3

The NM_001384474.1(LOXHD1):​c.287G>A​(p.Arg96Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000184 in 1,552,224 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00016 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00019 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: LOXHD1 NM_001384474.1 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.54

Genes affected

LOXHD1 (HGNC:26521): (lipoxygenase homology PLAT domains 1) This gene encodes a highly conserved protein consisting entirely of PLAT (polycystin/lipoxygenase/alpha-toxin) domains, thought to be involved in targeting proteins to the plasma membrane. Studies in mice show that this gene is expressed in the mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear, and mutations in this gene lead to auditory defects, indicating that this gene is essential for normal hair cell function. Screening of human families segregating deafness identified a mutation in this gene which causes DFNB77, a progressive form of autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: Splicing scoreres supports a deletorius effect: Scorers claiming Pathogenic: max_spliceai. No scorers claiming Uncertain. No scorers claiming Benign.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LOXHD1	NM_001384474.1	c.287G>A	p.Arg96Gln	missense_variant	3/41	ENST00000642948.1	NP_001371403.1
LOXHD1	NM_144612.7	c.287G>A	p.Arg96Gln	missense_variant	3/40		NP_653213.6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LOXHD1	ENST00000642948.1	c.287G>A	p.Arg96Gln	missense_variant	3/41		NM_001384474.1	ENSP00000496347	P1
LOXHD1	ENST00000536736.5	c.287G>A	p.Arg96Gln	missense_variant	3/40	5		ENSP00000444586
LOXHD1	ENST00000441551.6	c.287G>A	p.Arg96Gln	missense_variant	3/39	5		ENSP00000387621

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000158 AC: 24 AN: 152228 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000965

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.000279

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.000478

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.000107 AC: 17 AN: 158702 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.000120 AC XY: 10 AN XY: 83622

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.000121

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000808

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000917

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.0000439

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.000194

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000186 AC: 261 AN: 1399996 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.000178 AC XY: 123 AN XY: 690476

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.000127

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000560

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000839

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.0000379

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.0000605

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.000223

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000859

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000158 AC: 24 AN: 152228 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000941 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 74372

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000965

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.000279

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.000478

Alfa AF: 0.000165 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.000132

TwinsUK AF: 0.000270 AC: 1

ALSPAC AF: 0.000519 AC: 2

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000629 AC: 2

ExAC AF: 0.0000762 AC: 2

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 77 Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Jan 04, 2022	- -
Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Jan 17, 2020	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Jan 13, 2018	This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

not provided Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Athena Diagnostics	Jul 17, 2019	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Nov 05, 2021	This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 96 of the LOXHD1 protein (p.Arg96Gln). This variant is present in population databases (rs376467400, gnomAD 0.02%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with LOXHD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 163939). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Not Available"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may create or strengthen a splice site. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Aug 07, 2014

The Arg96Gln variant in LOXHD1 has not been previously reported in individuals w ith hearing loss, but has been identified in 0.06% (2/3182) of European American chromosomes by the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (http://evs.gs.washington.edu /EVS/; dbSNP rs376467400). Computational prediction tools and conservation anal ysis do not provide strong support for or against an impact to the protein. In s ummary, the clinical significance of the Arg96Gln variant is uncertain. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.20
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.082	T
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	-0.080
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Uncertain	0.53
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.59
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.87	D;D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.015	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.31	T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.62	T
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.64	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.4	N;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.28
Sift	Benign	0.24	T;.;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.012	D;.;T
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.
Vest4		0.60
MVP		0.22
ClinPred		0.12	T
GERP RS		5.6
Varity_R		0.20
gMVP		0.46

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.72		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DG_spliceai		0.72		Position offset: -1
DS_DL_spliceai		0.51		Position offset: -39

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs376467400; hg19: chr18-44221958;