rs377274761

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000153.4(GALC):c.850G>A(p.Gly284Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000039 in 1,613,552 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G284D) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000026 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000040 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GALC
NM_000153.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.81

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALC (HGNC:4115): (galactosylceramidase) This gene encodes a lysosomal protein which hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Krabbe disease, also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GALC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 6 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_000153.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr14-87968392-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 2413933.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.975

PP5

Variant 14-87968393-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-87968393-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 374024.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr14-87968393-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
GALC	NM_000153.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.850G>A	p.Gly284Ser	missense_variant	8/17	ENST00000261304.7

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
GALC	ENST00000261304.7 linkuse as main transcript	c.850G>A	p.Gly284Ser	missense_variant	8/17	1	NM_000153.4	P1	P54803-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

151924

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.00000802

AC:

AN:

249278

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00000740

AC XY:

AN XY:

135226

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000177

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000404

AC:

AN:

1461628

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000413

AC XY:

AN XY:

727118

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.0000383

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000504

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000331

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

151924

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000270

AC XY:

AN XY:

74188

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000799

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000189

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000122

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.00000828

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency

Pathogenic:5

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Oct 17, 2023	This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 284 of the GALC protein (p.Gly284Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs377274761, gnomAD 0.002%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Krabbe disease or its clinical features (PMID: 8940268, 22520351, 29286531). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. This variant is also known as p.G268S. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 374024). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GALC protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects GALC function (PMID: 8940268, 27638593). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Nov 08, 2016	Variant summary: The GALC c.850G>A (p.Gly284Ser) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. 4/4 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant (SNPs&GO not captured due to low reliability index). This variant was found in 1/120666 control chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0000083, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic GALC variant (0.0022361). This variant has been reported in multiple affected individuals with evidence of co-segregation. Functional assay showed variant with 5% of WT activity (De Gasperi et al 1996). Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	MGZ Medical Genetics Center	Jul 27, 2022	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana	Jan 01, 2016	This variant was classified as: Likely pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Counsyl	May 25, 2017	- -

Amblyopia;C0006157:Breech presentation;C0015934:Fetal growth restriction;C0018989:Hemiparesis;C0023520:Leukodystrophy;C0028738:Nystagmus;C0036572:Seizure;C0038220:Status epilepticus;C0038379:Strabismus;C0151611:EEG abnormality;C0158986:Neonatal hypoglycemia;C0235991:Small for gestational age;C0476403:EMG abnormality;C0557874:Global developmental delay;C1836830:Developmental regression;C1836843:Loss of ambulation;C1839364:Progressive visual loss;C3278204:Dysmyelinating leukodystrophy;C4025609:EMG: axonal abnormality

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana

Oct 28, 2015

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Apr 14, 2021

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.44

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.46

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.44

Cadd

Pathogenic

Dann

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.84

D;.;.;.

Eigen

Uncertain

0.68

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.60

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.97

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.94

D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.25

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.97

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.1

M;.;.;.

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

D;D;D;D

PrimateAI

Benign

0.46

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-5.3

D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.90

Sift

Benign

0.042

D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Benign

0.066

T;T;T;T

Polyphen

0.98

D;D;D;.

Vest4

0.90

MVP

0.98

MPC

0.57

ClinPred

0.99

GERP RS

4.7

Varity_R

0.61

gMVP

0.90

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over