rs387906239

Positions:

• chr5-112818968-GGA-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000038.6(APC):​c.937_938delGA​(p.Glu313fs) variant causes a frameshift change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: APC NM_000038.6 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 10.0

Genes affected

APC (HGNC:583): (APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway) This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. It is also involved in other processes including cell migration and adhesion, transcriptional activation, and apoptosis. Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Mutations in the APC gene have been found to occur in most colorectal cancers, where disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2022]

APC (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 5-112818968-GGA-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr5-112818968-GGA-G is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 831.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
APC	NM_000038.6	c.937_938delGA	p.Glu313fs	frameshift_variant	10/16	ENST00000257430.9	NP_000029.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
APC	ENST00000257430.9	c.937_938delGA	p.Glu313fs	frameshift_variant	10/16	5	NM_000038.6	ENSP00000257430.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

We have no GnomAD4 exomes data on this position. Probably position not covered by the project.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial adenomatous polyposis 1 Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System	-	The APC p.Glu313AsnfsX13 variant was not identified in the literature, nor was it identified in, the 1000 Genomes Project, the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, the Exome Aggregation Consortium, the Genome Aggregation Database (Feb 27, 2017), Clinvitae, UMD, InSiGHT Colon Cancer Gene Variant Database (LOVD), or the Zhejiang Colon Cancer Database (LOVD). The variant was identified in dbSNP (ID: rs387906239) as “With Pathogenic allele”, GeneInsight COGR (classified as pathogenic) and ClinVar (classified as pathogenic by GeneDx and OMIM) databases. The c.937_938delGA variant is predicted to cause a frameshift, which alters the protein's amino acid sequence beginning at codon 313 and leads to a premature stop codon 13 codons downstream. This alteration is then predicted to result in a truncated or absent protein and loss of function. Loss of function variants of the APC gene are an established mechanism of disease in familial adenomatous polyposis and is the type of variant expected to cause the disorder. In summary, based on the above information, this variant meets our laboratory’s criteria to be classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 20, 2022	For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may create or strengthen a splice site. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 831). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer, and a family with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer and attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer (PMID: 9916927, 11960572, 28125075). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Glu313Asnfs*13) in the APC gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in APC are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 17963004, 20685668). -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Jan 01, 1999	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Apr 28, 2023	This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a frameshift predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Feb 24, 2020	This variant deletes 2 nucleotides in exon 10 of the APC gene, creating a frameshift and premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been performed for this variant. This variant has been reported in individuals affected with familial adenomatous polyposis (PMID: 9916927, 11960572). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of APC function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Aug 10, 2017	The c.937_938delGA pathogenic mutation, located in coding exon 9 of the APC gene, results from a deletion of two nucleotides at nucleotide positions 937 to 938, causing a translational frameshift with a predicted alternate stop codon (p.E313Nfs*13). This mutation has been identified in multiple individuals with FAP or AFAP (Soravia C et al. Am. J. Pathol. 1999 Jan;154:127-35; Wu G et al. Genet. Test. 2001;5:281-90). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Familial multiple polyposis syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Center for Human Genetics, Inc, Center for Human Genetics, Inc

Nov 01, 2016

- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Sep 14, 2016

This deletion of 2 nucleotides in APC is denoted c.937_938delGA at the cDNA level and p.Glu313AsnfsX13 (E313NfsX13) at the protein level. The normal sequence, with the bases that are deleted in braces, is GGTG[GA]AATG. The deletion causes a frameshift, which changes a Glutamic Acid to an Asparagine at codon 313, and creates a premature stop codon at position 13 of the new reading frame. This variant is predicted to cause loss of normal protein function through either protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. APC c.937_938delGA has been reported in association with both classic and attenuated FAP (Soravia 1999, Wu 2001). We consider this variant to be pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.080		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs387906239; hg19: chr5-112154665;