rs398123074

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000016.6(ACADM):c.233T>C(p.Ile78Thr) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000057 in 1,613,622 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. I78M) has been classified as Pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000061 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

ACADM
NM_000016.6 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7

Conservation

PhyloP100: 6.11

Publications

14 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

ACADM (HGNC:89): (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain) This gene encodes the medium-chain specific (C4 to C12 straight chain) acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The homotetramer enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Defects in this gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a disease characterized by hepatic dysfunction, fasting hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, which can result in infantile death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACADM Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, PanelApp Australia, ClinGen, Orphanet

ACADM links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 9 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_000016.6

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr1-75732870-T-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1524981.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 95 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 29 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.54287 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.41658 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.91

PP5

Variant 1-75732869-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr1-75732869-T-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 92261.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ACADM	NM_000016.6 link	c.233T>C	p.Ile78Thr	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	ENST00000370841.9	NP_000007.1	P11310-1A0A0S2Z366

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ACADM	ENST00000370841.9 link	c.233T>C	p.Ile78Thr	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	1	NM_000016.6	ENSP00000359878.5		P11310-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152204

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000239

AC:

AN:

251094

AF XY:

0.0000294

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000528

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000609

AC:

AN:

1461418

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000564

AC XY:

AN XY:

727060

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33474

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26124

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39660

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86236

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53416

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000801

AC:

AN:

1111650

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60372

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.466

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152204

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000134

AC XY:

AN XY:

74352

show subpopulations

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41466

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15274

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5200

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4836

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10612

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000441

AC:

AN:

68024

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0.0000000568638), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.375

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000475

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000151

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

Pathogenic:5

Mar 17, 2017

Natera, Inc.

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Feb 17, 2022

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: ACADM c.233T>C (p.Ile78Thr) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase/oxidase, N-terminal domain (IPR013786) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.4e-05 in 251094 control chromosomes. c.233T>C has been reported in the literature both as homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes in individuals affected with Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (example, Touw_2012, Derks_2006). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (example, Touw_2012). The most pronounced variant effect results in <1% of normal MCAD enzyme activity in a homozygous individual affected with classical disease. Two clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Apr 08, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 78 of the ACADM protein (p.Ile78Thr). This variant is present in population databases (rs398123074, gnomAD 0.006%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with medium chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 15171998, 16737882, 22542437, 22630369, 24623196). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 92261). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt ACADM protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Nov 12, 2021

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Mar 20, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:2

Oct 18, 2013

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Aug 26, 2021

GeneDx

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Expression studies found that I78T is associated with a considerable decrease in MCAD enzyme activity compared to the wild-type protein (Andresen et al., 2001); Not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 23028790, 11349232, 24623196, 31012112, 22542437, 24718418, 20434380, 27760515, 27477829, 22630369, 25525159, 16737882, 15171998, 18188679) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.83

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.44

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.55

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.79

D;D;D;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.76

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.72

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.96

D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.75

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.91

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.0

.;M;.;.

PhyloP100

6.1

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.69

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.4

D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.94

Sift

Uncertain

0.0020

D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.022

D;D;D;D

Polyphen

0.66

P;P;P;P

Vest4

0.89

MutPred

0.65

.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0273);Loss of stability (P = 0.0273);.;

MVP

0.99

MPC

0.80

ClinPred

0.93

GERP RS

5.3

Varity_R

0.87

gMVP

0.79

Mutation Taster

=2/98

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

Splicevardb

2.0

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over