rs398123929

Positions:

• chrX-32468509-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_004006.3(DMD):​c.3151C>T​(p.Arg1051Ter) variant causes a stop gained change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000183 in 1,091,936 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. There are no hemizygote samples in GnomAD. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. R1051R) has been classified as Likely benign. Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 22)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000018 (0 hom. 0 hem.)
• Consequence: DMD NM_004006.3 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.70

Genes affected

DMD (HGNC:2928): (dystrophin) This gene spans a genomic range of greater than 2 Mb and encodes a large protein containing an N-terminal actin-binding domain and multiple spectrin repeats. The encoded protein forms a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Deletions, duplications, and point mutations at this gene locus may cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), or cardiomyopathy. Alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing result in numerous distinct transcript variants and protein isoforms for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant X-32468509-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-32468509-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 94576.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chrX-32468509-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chrX-32468509-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
DMD	NM_004006.3	c.3151C>T	p.Arg1051Ter	stop_gained	23/79	ENST00000357033.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
DMD	ENST00000357033.9	c.3151C>T	p.Arg1051Ter	stop_gained	23/79	1	NM_004006.3	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 22

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000183 AC: 2 AN: 1091936 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 358520

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000239

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 22

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:5

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Nov 01, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Feb 03, 2021	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)	Sep 19, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Sep 28, 2023	Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Based on the understanding of this genetic alteration, it may be amenable to nonsense read-through therapy that is currently available or in clinical trial; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26743743, 31443951, 11710958, 37724986, 29973226, 25525159, 21515508, 19959795, 18652600, 19409785, 30342905, 36790923, 32813700, 34539555) -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Athena Diagnostics	Mar 12, 2020	The variant creates a premature nonsense codon, and is therefore predicted to result in the loss of a functional protein. Found in at least one patient with expected phenotype for this gene, and not found in general population data. -

Qualitative or quantitative defects of dystrophin Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

May 24, 2021

Variant summary: DMD c.3151C>T (p.Arg1051X) results in a premature termination codon, predicted to cause a truncation of the encoded protein or absence of the protein due to nonsense mediated decay, which are commonly known mechanisms for disease. Truncations downstream of this position have been classified as pathogenic by our laboratory. The variant was absent in 169867 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.3151C>T has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Dystrophinopathies (Bennett_2001, Almomani_2009, Torella_2009, Yamamoto_2018). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Six ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Duchenne muscular dystrophy;C0917713:Becker muscular dystrophy;C3668940:Dilated cardiomyopathy 3B Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Oct 31, 2018

- -

Duchenne muscular dystrophy Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Sep 10, 2023

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 94576). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (PMID: 11710958, 18652600, 19409785, 21515508). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Arg1051*) in the DMD gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in DMD are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 16770791, 25007885). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.55	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.55
CADD	Pathogenic	36
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A
Vest4		0.95
GERP RS		2.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs398123929; hg19: chrX-32486626; COSMIC: COSV63764043;