rs398124074

Positions:

• chrX-31479043-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_004006.3(DMD):​c.8608C>T​(p.Arg2870*) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 23)
• Consequence: DMD NM_004006.3 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:9
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.360

Genes affected

DMD (HGNC:2928): (dystrophin) This gene spans a genomic range of greater than 2 Mb and encodes a large protein containing an N-terminal actin-binding domain and multiple spectrin repeats. The encoded protein forms a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Deletions, duplications, and point mutations at this gene locus may cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), or cardiomyopathy. Alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing result in numerous distinct transcript variants and protein isoforms for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

DMD (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant X-31479043-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-31479043-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 94810.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chrX-31479043-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chrX-31479043-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic]. Variant chrX-31479043-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
DMD	NM_004006.3	c.8608C>T	p.Arg2870*	stop_gained	58/79	ENST00000357033.9	NP_003997.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
DMD	ENST00000357033.9	c.8608C>T	p.Arg2870*	stop_gained	58/79	1	NM_004006.3	ENSP00000354923.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 23

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 29

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 23

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:9

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Duchenne muscular dystrophy Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	research	Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital	May 31, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens	Dec 16, 2022	PVS1, PM2, PP5 -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Athena Diagnostics	Jan 08, 2013	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 30, 2023	For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 94810). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (PMID: 11524473, 16834926, 19783145, 20098710, 20485447, 21396098, 23588064). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Arg2870*) in the DMD gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in DMD are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 16770791, 25007885). -

not provided Pathogenic:3

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Jan 17, 2023	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)	Dec 14, 2017	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Nov 20, 2017	Based on the understanding of this genetic alteration, it may be amenable to nonsense read-through therapy that is currently available or in clinical trial; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 27593222, 26968818, 19783145, 11524473, 25525159, 23588064, 20485447, 17253928, 12632325) -

Duchenne muscular dystrophy;C0878544:Cardiomyopathy;C0917713:Becker muscular dystrophy;na:Dystrophin deficiency Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Natera, Inc.

May 15, 2020

- -

DMD-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Mar 03, 2023

The DMD c.8608C>T variant is predicted to result in premature protein termination (p.Arg2870*). This variant has been reported in many individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (reported as "8921C>T; R2905X" in Mendell et al. 2001. PubMed ID: 11524473; Cho et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 27593222; Table S3 in Fan et al. 2021. PubMed ID: 34006472). This variant has not been reported in a large population database (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), indicating this variant is rare. Nonsense variants in DMD are expected to be pathogenic, and this variant has been classified as pathogenic by multiple independent submitters to the ClinVar database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/94810). This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.58
CADD	Pathogenic	37
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.83	D
Vest4		0.99, 0.99, 0.98, 0.99, 1.0, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		2.1
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs398124074; hg19: chrX-31497160; COSMIC: COSV58893120;