rs45447891

Variant names:

• chr2-178759045-G-A
• rs45447891
• NM_001267550.2:c.10242C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -10 ACMG points: 0P and 10B. BP6 BP7 BS1 BS2

The NM_001267550.2(TTN):​c.10242C>T​(p.Tyr3414Tyr) variant causes a synonymous change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00713 in 1,613,972 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 48 homozygotes. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0052 (2 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0073 (46 hom.)
• Consequence: TTN NM_001267550.2 synonymous
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:3 B:20
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.0540
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

TTN (HGNC:12403): (titin) This gene encodes a large abundant protein of striated muscle. The product of this gene is divided into two regions, a N-terminal I-band and a C-terminal A-band. The I-band, which is the elastic part of the molecule, contains two regions of tandem immunoglobulin domains on either side of a PEVK region that is rich in proline, glutamate, valine and lysine. The A-band, which is thought to act as a protein-ruler, contains a mixture of immunoglobulin and fibronectin repeats, and possesses kinase activity. An N-terminal Z-disc region and a C-terminal M-line region bind to the Z-line and M-line of the sarcomere, respectively, so that a single titin molecule spans half the length of a sarcomere. Titin also contains binding sites for muscle associated proteins so it serves as an adhesion template for the assembly of contractile machinery in muscle cells. It has also been identified as a structural protein for chromosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Considerable variability exists in the I-band, the M-line and the Z-disc regions of titin. Variability in the I-band region contributes to the differences in elasticity of different titin isoforms and, therefore, to the differences in elasticity of different muscle types. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9, and autoantibodies to titin are produced in patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

TTN-AS1 (HGNC:44124): (TTN antisense RNA 1) This gene encodes a non-coding RNA transcribed from the opposite strand to the titin gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -10 ACMG points.

• BP6: Variant 2-178759045-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr2-178759045-G-A is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 46581.
• BP7: Synonymous conserved (PhyloP=0.054 with no splicing effect.
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.00522 (795/152240) while in subpopulation NFE AF = 0.00877 (596/67996). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00818. There are 2 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 364 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 33. This position passed quality control check.
• BS2: High Homozygotes in GnomAd4 at 2 AD,AR gene

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TTN	NM_001267550.2	c.10242C>T	p.Tyr3414Tyr	synonymous_variant	Exon 44 of 363	ENST00000589042.5	NP_001254479.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TTN	ENST00000589042.5	c.10242C>T	p.Tyr3414Tyr	synonymous_variant	Exon 44 of 363	5	NM_001267550.2	ENSP00000467141.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00522 AC: 794 AN: 152122 Hom.: 2 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00150

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00190

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00317

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00269

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00632

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00949

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00875

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00669

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00551 AC: 1384 AN: 251076 AF XY: 0.00562

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00160

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00275

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00437

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00804

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00834

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00670

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00733 AC: 10715 AN: 1461732 Hom.: 46 Cov.: 40 AF XY: 0.00724 AC XY: 5268 AN XY: 727170

African (AFR) AF: 0.00117 AC: 39 AN: 33476

American (AMR) AF: 0.00284 AC: 127 AN: 44720

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00410 AC: 107 AN: 26128

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39668

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00205 AC: 177 AN: 86254

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00670 AC: 358 AN: 53414

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00416 AC: 24 AN: 5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00856 AC: 9514 AN: 1111918

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00611 AC: 369 AN: 60390

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00522 AC: 795 AN: 152240 Hom.: 2 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00489 AC XY: 364 AN XY: 74432

African (AFR) AF: 0.00149 AC: 62 AN: 41564

American (AMR) AF: 0.00190 AC: 29 AN: 15282

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00317 AC: 11 AN: 3466

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5182

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00269 AC: 13 AN: 4830

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00632 AC: 67 AN: 10598

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.0102 AC: 3 AN: 294

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00877 AC: 596 AN: 67996

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00662 AC: 14 AN: 2116

Alfa AF: 0.00640 Hom.: 2

Bravo AF: 0.00468

Asia WGS AF: 0.000577 AC: 2 AN: 3478

EpiCase AF: 0.00780

EpiControl AF: 0.00836

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3 Benign:20

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Benign:11

Sep 26, 2013

GeneDx

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign or benign based on one or more of the following criteria: it is a conservative change, it occurs at a poorly conserved position in the protein, it is predicted to be benign by multiple in silico algorithms, and/or has population frequency not consistent with disease.

Apr 09, 2025

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Montreal Heart Institute

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance: Benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

Joint Genome Diagnostic Labs from Nijmegen and Maastricht, Radboudumc and MUMC+

Significance: Benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

Jan 24, 2012

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant does not change an amino acid. It is classified as benign based on its frequency in the general population 3/120 chromosomes, 27/4548 chomosomes; d bSNP rs45447891 and 66/7020 Eurpean American chromosomes; NHLBI Exome variant po rject).

Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center

Significance: Benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

Oct 08, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: TTN c.10242C>T alters a non-conserved nucleotide resulting in a synonymous change. 5/5 computational tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0055 in 251076 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.0083 within the Non-Finnish European subpopulation in the gnomAD database, including 4 homozygotes. The observed variant frequency within Non-Finnish European control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 13-folds over the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in TTN causing Cardiomyopathy phenotype (0.00063), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of Non-Finnish European origin. An internal LCA sample reports the variant to co-occur with a pathogenic MYH7 variant. Three ClinVar submissions (evaluation after 2014) cites the variant as benign. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign.

Aug 20, 2013

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Jul 20, 2015

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

May 17, 2024

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

not provided Benign:4

Nov 09, 2023

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

Sep 01, 2025

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

TTN: BP4, BP7

Laboratory of Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J Uncertain:1

Jan 12, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease.

Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Uncertain:1

Jan 12, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease.

Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy Uncertain:1

Jan 12, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease.

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J;C1858763:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Benign:1

Feb 04, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Cardiomyopathy Benign:1

Oct 14, 2016

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Tibial muscular dystrophy Benign:1

Jan 12, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease.

Myopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure Benign:1

Jan 12, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease.

Cardiovascular phenotype Benign:1

Jul 29, 2012

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	-0.070
CADD	Benign	17
DANN	Benign	0.82
PhyloP100		0.054
Mutation Taster		=84/16	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs45447891; hg19: chr2-179623772; COSMIC: COSV60286201;