rs45457297

chr16-23636175-G-Achr16-23636175-G-Cchr16-23636175-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -5 ACMG points: 0P and 5B. BP4_Strong BP6

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.371C>T(p.Thr124Ile) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000744 in 1,612,478 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T124N) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000075 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:2 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -1.32

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -5 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.008504182).
• BP6: Variant 16-23636175-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23636175-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 487020.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=2, Likely_benign=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.371C>T	p.Thr124Ile	missense_variant	4/13	ENST00000261584.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.371C>T	p.Thr124Ile	missense_variant	4/13	1	NM_024675.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000659 AC: 1 AN: 151808 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000242

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000753 AC: 11 AN: 1460670 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000963 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 726582

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000990

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000659 AC: 1 AN: 151808 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74132

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000242

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Dec 19, 2022

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 19369211, 20871615) -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Oct 24, 2023

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 124 of the PALB2 protein (p.Thr124Ile). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 487020). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function output the following: SIFT: "Not Available"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Not Available". The isoleucine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect PALB2 function (PMID: 31586400). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Mar 17, 2020

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.095
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.41	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.82
Cadd	Benign	0.029
Dann	Benign	0.15
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.067	T
Eigen	Benign	-1.7
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.7
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.012	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.59	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.0064	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.0085	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.98	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	-0.81	N
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.27	T
PROVEAN	Benign	0.74	N
REVEL	Benign	0.014
Sift	Benign	1.0	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.79	T
Polyphen		0.0010	B
Vest4		0.059
MutPred		0.10		Loss of loop (P = 0.0112);
MVP		0.076
MPC		0.056
ClinPred		0.023	T
GERP RS		-9.4
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1
Varity_R		0.013
gMVP		0.035

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs45457297; hg19: chr16-23647496;