rs45478491

Positions:

• chr17-35101039-G-A
• chr17-35101039-G-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -9 ACMG points: 0P and 9B. BP4_Strong BP6 BS2

The NM_002878.4(RAD51D):​c.904-3C>T variant causes a splice region, intron change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000312 in 1,612,980 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00018 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00033 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RAD51D NM_002878.4 splice_region, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 0.0005178
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:5 B:11
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.884

Genes affected

RAD51D (HGNC:9823): (RAD51 paralog D) The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, which are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein forms a complex with several other members of the RAD51 family, including RAD51L1, RAD51L2, and XRCC2. The protein complex formed with this protein has been shown to catalyze homologous pairing between single- and double-stranded DNA, and is thought to play a role in the early stage of recombinational repair of DNA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream ring finger and FYVE-like domain containing 1 (RFFL) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

ENSG00000267618 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Benign. Variant got -9 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.73).
• BP6: Variant 17-35101039-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr17-35101039-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 138877.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_benign=7, Uncertain_significance=5, Benign=2}.
• BS2: High AC in GnomAd4 at 27 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAD51D	NM_002878.4	c.904-3C>T		splice_region_variant, intron_variant		ENST00000345365.11	NP_002869.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAD51D	ENST00000345365.11	c.904-3C>T		splice_region_variant, intron_variant		1	NM_002878.4	ENSP00000338790.6
ENSG00000267618	ENST00000593039.5	c.426+162C>T		intron_variant		2		ENSP00000466834.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000177 AC: 27 AN: 152226 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.000121

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00658

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.000235

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.000239 AC: 60 AN: 251476 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.000243 AC XY: 33 AN XY: 135914

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.000231

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.000440

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000163

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000326 AC: 476 AN: 1460754 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.000310 AC XY: 225 AN XY: 726794

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.000134

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.000131

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.000404

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.000199

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000177 AC: 27 AN: 152226 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.000175 AC XY: 13 AN XY: 74366

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.000121

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.000235

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.000311 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.000283

EpiCase AF: 0.000436

EpiControl AF: 0.000356

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5 Benign:11

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 4 Uncertain:4 Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Apr 06, 2023	This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Feb 01, 2024	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center	Jan 05, 2021	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Mendelics	May 28, 2019	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Jul 18, 2016	- -

not specified Uncertain:1 Benign:3

Benign, no assertion criteria provided	research	King Laboratory, University of Washington	Sep 01, 2019	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Feb 26, 2014	This variant is considered likely benign or benign based on one or more of the following criteria: it is a conservative change, it occurs at a poorly conserved position in the protein, it is predicted to be benign by multiple in silico algorithms, and/or has population frequency not consistent with disease. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Jul 31, 2024	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Oct 25, 2021	Variant summary: RAD51D c.904-3C>T alters a non-conserved nucleotide located close to a canonical splice site and therefore could affect mRNA splicing, leading to a significantly altered protein sequence. 4/4 computational tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Experimental evidence supports these predictions indicating the variant has no effect on splicing (Casadei_2019). The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00024 in 253596 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.00044 within the Non-Finnish European subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within Non-Finnish European control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 3.5-fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in RAD51D causing Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome phenotype (0.00013), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of Non-Finnish European origin. The variant, c.904-3C>T, has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Lynch Syndrome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Osher_2012, Tung_2015, Yurgelun_2015, Chaffee_2018), however it was also observed in controls (Loveday_2011). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Six ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as benign/likely benign and five ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite it as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign. -

not provided Benign:3

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	Nov 04, 2022	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences	Dec 06, 2017	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Nov 01, 2024	RAD51D: BP4, BS2 -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:3

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Sema4, Sema4	Jul 02, 2021	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Sep 19, 2018	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Apr 11, 2016	- -

Malignant tumor of breast Benign:1

Likely benign, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

-

The RAD51D c.904-3C>T variant was identified in 3 of 9008 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.0003) from individuals or families with colorectal, breast and ovarian cancer and was present in 1 of 2120 control chromosomes (frequency: 0.004) from healthy individuals (Yurgelun 2015, Osher 2012, Tung 2015, Loveday 2011). The variant was identified in dbSNP (rs45478491) as “with uncertain significance allele” and ClinVar (classified as likely benign by Ambry Genetics, Color and 2 other submitters and uncertain significance by Invitae, Counsyl and 1 other submitter and benign by GeneDx). The variant was identified in control databases in 63 of 277,232 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0002 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). The variant was observed in the following populations: African in 4 of 24,038 chromosomes (freq: 0.0002), Other in 2 of 6468 chromosomes (freq: 0.0003), Latino in 7 of 34,420 chromosomes (freq: 0.0002), European in 50 of 126,710 chromosomes (freq: 0.0004), but was not observed in the Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, Finnish and South Asian populations. The c.904-3C>T variant is located in the 3' splice region but does not affect the invariant -1 and -2 positions. However, positions -3 and -5 to -12 are part of the splicing consensus sequence and variants involving these positions sometimes affect splicing. The variant occurs at a non-conserved nucleotide and 4 out of 4 in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time although we would lean towards a more benign role for this variant. This variant is classified as likely benign. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.73
CADD	Benign	11
DANN	Benign	0.53
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Benign	0.00052
dbscSNV1_RF	Benign	0.038
SpliceAI score (max)		0.070		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs45478491; hg19: chr17-33428058;