rs45566933

Variant names:

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -7 ACMG points: 0P and 7B. BP4_ModerateBP6BS1

The NM_000817.3(GAD1):c.682A>C(p.Ile228Leu) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000516 in 1,611,270 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00039 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00053 ( 1 hom. )

Consequence

GAD1
NM_000817.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:3B:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.41

Publications

4 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GAD1 (HGNC:4092): (glutamate decarboxylase 1) This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form and a less-frequent 25-kD form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GAD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 89
Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 1
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

GAD1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -7 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.079863876).

BP6

Variant 2-170844088-A-C is Benign according to our data. Variant chr2-170844088-A-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 332231.

BS1

Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.000387 (59/152352) while in subpopulation NFE AF = 0.000661 (45/68036). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.000507. There are 0 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 26 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 32. This position passed quality control check.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GAD1	NM_000817.3 link	c.682A>C	p.Ile228Leu	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 17	ENST00000358196.8	NP_000808.2	Q99259-1A0A0S2Z3V5Q8IVA8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GAD1	ENST00000358196.8 link	c.682A>C	p.Ile228Leu	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 17	1	NM_000817.3	ENSP00000350928.3		Q99259-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000388

AC:

AN:

152234

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000145

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000327

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000661

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00143

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000322

AC:

AN:

251304

AF XY:

0.000302

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000376

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.0000462

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000554

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000490

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000529

AC:

772

AN:

1458918

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000486

AC XY:

353

AN XY:

726096

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000898

AC:

AN:

33418

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000335

AC:

AN:

44718

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26104

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39640

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86204

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000187

AC:

AN:

53408

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000647

AC:

718

AN:

1109394

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000581

AC:

AN:

60264

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.456

Heterozygous variant carriers

107

142

178

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

120

150

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000387

AC:

AN:

152352

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000349

AC XY:

AN XY:

74496

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.000144

AC:

AN:

41582

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000327

AC:

AN:

15300

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5192

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4828

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10620

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000661

AC:

AN:

68036

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00142

AC:

AN:

2116

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.515

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000481

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000476

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000539

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000465

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000264

AC:

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000289

AC:

AN:

3476

EpiCase

AF:

0.000273

EpiControl

AF:

0.000415

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3Benign:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Sep 01, 2023

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

GAD1: BS1 -

Feb 03, 2017

Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Jan 12, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Nov 03, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Inborn genetic diseases

Uncertain:1

Aug 05, 2022

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The c.682A>C (p.I228L) alteration is located in exon 7 (coding exon 6) of the GAD1 gene. This alteration results from a A to C substitution at nucleotide position 682, causing the isoleucine (I) at amino acid position 228 to be replaced by a leucine (L). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.075

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.44

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.51

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.96

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.28

.;T

Eigen

Benign

0.084

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.30

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.61

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.86

D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.0049

MetaRNN

Benign

0.080

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.1

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.55

N;N

PhyloP100

5.4

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.81

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.98

.;N

REVEL

Benign

0.071

Sift

Benign

0.30

.;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.62

T;T

Polyphen

0.0020

.;B

Vest4

0.26

MutPred

0.23

Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1715);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1715);

MVP

0.29

MPC

0.59

ClinPred

0.040

GERP RS

6.2

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.51

gMVP

0.69

Mutation Taster

=85/15

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over