rs542231350

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM1PP2

The NM_000153.4(GALC):c.691G>A(p.Glu231Lys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000242 in 1,613,616 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. E231D) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000025 ( 1 hom. )

Consequence

GALC
NM_000153.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: 0.957

Publications

0 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALC (HGNC:4115): (galactosylceramidase) This gene encodes a lysosomal protein which hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Krabbe disease, also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GALC Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Krabbe disease
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Myriad Women’s Health, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp

GALC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 6 uncertain in NM_000153.4

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 94 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 16 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.18582 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.28853 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Krabbe disease.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALC	NM_000153.4 link	c.691G>A	p.Glu231Lys	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 17	ENST00000261304.7	NP_000144.2	P54803-1A0A0A0MQV0

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALC	ENST00000261304.7 link	c.691G>A	p.Glu231Lys	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 17	1	NM_000153.4	ENSP00000261304.2		P54803-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152178

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000622

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000401

AC:

AN:

249352

AF XY:

0.0000444

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000246

AC:

AN:

1461320

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000344

AC XY:

AN XY:

727014

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33474

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26132

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39676

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000406

AC:

AN:

86248

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53404

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

1111516

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60380

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.490

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152296

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000134

AC XY:

AN XY:

74478

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41556

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15304

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5188

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000622

AC:

AN:

4822

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10610

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

68030

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2110

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.542

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000331

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency

Uncertain:2

Feb 06, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with lysine, which is basic and polar, at codon 231 of the GALC protein (p.Glu231Lys). This variant is present in population databases (rs542231350, gnomAD 0.03%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Krabbe disease (PMID: 8940268). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. This variant is also known as E215K. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 553651). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt GALC protein function. Experimental studies are conflicting or provide insufficient evidence to determine the effect of this variant on GALC function (PMID: 8940268, 27126738). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Sep 01, 2017

Counsyl

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Mar 09, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: GALC c.691G>A (p.Glu231Lys) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-05 in 249352 control chromosomes. This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in GALC causing Krabbe Disease (4e-05 vs 0.0022), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.691G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with late-onset globoid-cell leukodystrophy (GLD) (example: DeGasperi_1996). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Krabbe Disease. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (examples: DeGasperi_1996, Spratley_2016). The most pronounced variant effect results in 70-85% of normal activity (DeGasperi_1996). Two ClinVar submitters have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as uncertain significance (n=2). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.11

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.075

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.17

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.95

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.62

D;.;.;.

Eigen

Benign

-0.22

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.17

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.87

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.96

D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.077

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.66

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.35

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.8

M;.;.;.

PhyloP100

0.96

PrimateAI

Benign

0.39

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.0

N;N;N;N

REVEL

Uncertain

0.64

Sift

Benign

0.50

T;T;T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.81

T;T;T;T

Polyphen

0.58

P;B;P;.

Vest4

0.74

MutPred

0.75

Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0175);.;.;.;

MVP

0.92

MPC

0.15

ClinPred

0.11

GERP RS

1.8

Varity_R

0.16

gMVP

0.92

Mutation Taster

=0/100

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over