rs56378658

Positions:

• chr3-123733863-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points: 1P and 5B. PP2 BP4_Strong BP6

The NM_053025.4(MYLK):​c.1133G>A​(p.Arg378His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000125 in 1,613,976 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R378G) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000099 (0 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00013 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MYLK NM_053025.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4 B:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -1.37

Genes affected

MYLK (HGNC:7590): (myosin light chain kinase) This gene, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. This kinase phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chains to facilitate myosin interaction with actin filaments to produce contractile activity. This gene encodes both smooth muscle and nonmuscle isoforms. In addition, using a separate promoter in an intron in the 3' region, it encodes telokin, a small protein identical in sequence to the C-terminus of myosin light chain kinase, that is independently expressed in smooth muscle and functions to stabilize unphosphorylated myosin filaments. A pseudogene is located on the p arm of chromosome 3. Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. Additional variants have been identified but lack full length transcripts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MYLK (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points.

• PP2: Missense variant in gene, where missense usually causes diseases (based on misZ statistic), MYLK. . Gene score misZ 1.1317 (greater than the threshold 3.09). Trascript score misZ 3.1503 (greater than threshold 3.09). GenCC has associacion of gene with familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, connective tissue disorder, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 7.
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.041116923).
• BP6: Variant 3-123733863-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr3-123733863-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 264282.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_benign=3, Uncertain_significance=4}. Variant chr3-123733863-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_benign].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MYLK	NM_053025.4	c.1133G>A	p.Arg378His	missense_variant	10/34	ENST00000360304.8	NP_444253.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MYLK	ENST00000360304.8	c.1133G>A	p.Arg378His	missense_variant	10/34	5	NM_053025.4	ENSP00000353452.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000986 AC: 15 AN: 152184 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000482

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.0000654

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000207

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.000162

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.000104 AC: 26 AN: 250538 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.000118 AC XY: 16 AN XY: 135498

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.000229

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.000160

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000127 AC: 186 AN: 1461792 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.000128 AC XY: 93 AN XY: 727160

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000894

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000504

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.000128

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.000145

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.000116

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000986 AC: 15 AN: 152184 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0000807 AC XY: 6 AN XY: 74356

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000482

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.0000654

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.000207

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.000162

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.000345 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.000140

ESP6500AA AF: 0.000227 AC: 1

ESP6500EA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ExAC AF: 0.000140 AC: 17

Asia WGS AF: 0.000577 AC: 2 AN: 3478

EpiCase AF: 0.000382

EpiControl AF: 0.000296

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4 Benign:5

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1 Benign:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jan 11, 2023	Reported as a likely benign variant in one individual diagnosed with TAAD and did not segregate with disease in this individual's family (Poninska et al., 2016); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 27146836) -
Likely benign, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht	-	- -
Likely benign, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center	-	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Mar 01, 2019	- -

Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 7 Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics	May 31, 2018	This variant is interpreted as a Likely Benign, for Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 7, in Autosomal Dominant manner. The following ACMG Tag(s) were applied: BS4 => Lack of segregation in affected members of a family (PMID:27146836). BP4 => Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). BS2-Supporting => BS2 downgraded in strength to supporting. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Jan 13, 2018	This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Oct 04, 2022	This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 378 of the MYLK protein (p.Arg378His). This variant is present in population databases (rs56378658, gnomAD 0.02%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (PMID: 27146836). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 264282). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MYLK protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jun 24, 2022	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario	Apr 01, 2022	- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.34
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.44	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.57
CADD	Benign	0.18
DANN	Benign	0.84
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.20	.;.;.;T;.;T
Eigen	Benign	-1.6
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.6
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.027	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.68	.;T;T;T;.;.
M_CAP	Benign	0.021	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.041	T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.0	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.0	N;N;N;N;N;N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.19	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.74	N;.;N;N;N;N
REVEL	Benign	0.036
Sift	Benign	0.13	T;.;T;T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.13	T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.025	B;B;B;B;B;B
Vest4		0.054
MVP		0.37
MPC		0.20
ClinPred		0.022	T
GERP RS		-7.4
Varity_R		0.016
gMVP		0.099

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs56378658; hg19: chr3-123452710;