rs56378658

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points: 0P and 5B. BP4_StrongBP6

The NM_053025.4(MYLK):c.1133G>A(p.Arg378His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000125 in 1,613,976 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R378S) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000099 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00013 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MYLK
NM_053025.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4B:5

Conservation

PhyloP100: -1.37

Publications

5 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

MYLK (HGNC:7590): (myosin light chain kinase) This gene, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. This kinase phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chains to facilitate myosin interaction with actin filaments to produce contractile activity. This gene encodes both smooth muscle and nonmuscle isoforms. In addition, using a separate promoter in an intron in the 3' region, it encodes telokin, a small protein identical in sequence to the C-terminus of myosin light chain kinase, that is independently expressed in smooth muscle and functions to stabilize unphosphorylated myosin filaments. A pseudogene is located on the p arm of chromosome 3. Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. Additional variants have been identified but lack full length transcripts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MYLK Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 7
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 1
Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG Submitted by: G2P
connective tissue disorder
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Orphanet, Ambry Genetics

MYLK links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.041116923).

BP6

Variant 3-123733863-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr3-123733863-C-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 264282.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MYLK	NM_053025.4 link	c.1133G>A	p.Arg378His	missense_variant	Exon 10 of 34	ENST00000360304.8	NP_444253.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MYLK	ENST00000360304.8 link	c.1133G>A	p.Arg378His	missense_variant	Exon 10 of 34	5	NM_053025.4	ENSP00000353452.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000986

AC:

AN:

152184

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000482

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000654

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000162

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000104

AC:

AN:

250538

AF XY:

0.000118

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000544

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000160

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000127

AC:

186

AN:

1461792

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000128

AC XY:

AN XY:

727160

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000299

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000894

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000504

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000128

AC:

AN:

86156

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000145

AC:

161

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000116

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.482

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000986

AC:

AN:

152184

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000807

AC XY:

AN XY:

74356

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000482

AC:

AN:

41452

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000654

AC:

AN:

15284

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5192

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000207

AC:

AN:

4824

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10618

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000162

AC:

AN:

68024

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2090

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000275

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000140

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000140

AC:

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000577

AC:

AN:

3478

EpiCase

AF:

0.000382

EpiControl

AF:

0.000296

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4Benign:5

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:1Benign:3

Jan 11, 2023

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Reported as a likely benign variant in one individual diagnosed with TAAD and did not segregate with disease in this individual's family (Poninska et al., 2016); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 27146836) -

Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Mar 01, 2019

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 7

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Jan 23, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 378 of the MYLK protein (p.Arg378His). This variant is present in population databases (rs56378658, gnomAD 0.02%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (PMID: 27146836). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 264282). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MYLK protein function with a negative predictive value of 95%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

May 31, 2018

SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:curation

This variant is interpreted as a Likely Benign, for Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 7, in Autosomal Dominant manner. The following ACMG Tag(s) were applied: BS4 => Lack of segregation in affected members of a family (PMID:27146836). BP4 => Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). BS2-Supporting => BS2 downgraded in strength to supporting. -

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Apr 01, 2022

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jun 24, 2022

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.34

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.44

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.57

CADD

Benign

0.18

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.84

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.20

.;.;.;T;.;T

Eigen

Benign

-1.6

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.6

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.027

LIST_S2

Benign

0.68

.;T;T;T;.;.

M_CAP

Benign

0.021

MetaRNN

Benign

0.041

T;T;T;T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.0

N;N;N;N;N;N

PhyloP100

-1.4

PrimateAI

Benign

0.19

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.74

N;.;N;N;N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.036

Sift

Benign

0.13

T;.;T;T;T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.13

T;T;T;T;T;T

Polyphen

0.025

B;B;B;B;B;B

Vest4

0.054

MVP

0.37

MPC

0.20

ClinPred

0.022

GERP RS

-7.4

Varity_R

0.016

gMVP

0.099

Mutation Taster

=98/2

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over