rs57419521

Variant names:

• chr12-52287112-C-T
• rs57419521
• NM_002281.4:c.1237G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points: 5P and 4B. PP3_Strong PP5 BS2

The NM_002281.4(KRT81):​c.1237G>A​(p.Glu413Lys) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000411 in 1,460,654 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: KRT81 NM_002281.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic no assertion criteria provided P:1 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.05
• Publications: 7 publications found

Genes affected

KRT81 (HGNC:6458): (keratin 81) The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II hair keratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q13 and are grouped into two distinct subfamilies based on structure similarity. One subfamily, consisting of KRTHB1, KRTHB3, and KRTHB6, is highly related. The other less-related subfamily includes KRTHB2, KRTHB4, and KRTHB5. All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB3 and KRTHB6, is found primarily in the hair cortex. Mutations in this gene and KRTHB6 have been observed in patients with a rare dominant hair disease, monilethrix. Some human genome assemblies (example T2T-CHM13) have a non-coding version of the gene due to the presence of a SNP that introduces a premature stop codon after codon 281. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2024]

KRT86 (HGNC:6463): (keratin 86) This gene encodes a type II keratin protein, which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. This gene is present in a cluster of related genes and pseudogenes on chromosome 12. Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with the hair disease monilethrix. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

KRT86 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• monilethrix

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet
• monilethrix-1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: G2P

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points.

• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.96
• PP5: Variant 12-52287112-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr12-52287112-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 7501.Status of the report is no_assertion_criteria_provided, 0 stars.
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 6 Unknown,AD gene.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_002281.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	KRT81	NM_002281.4	MANE Select	c.1237G>A	p.Glu413Lys	missense	Exon 7 of 9	NP_002272.2	Q14533
	KRT86	NM_001320198.2	MANE Select	c.-5+11166C>T		intron	N/A	NP_001307127.1	O43790

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	KRT81	ENST00000327741.9	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1237G>A	p.Glu413Lys	missense	Exon 7 of 9	ENSP00000369349.4	Q14533
	KRT86	ENST00000423955.7	TSL:2 MANE Select	c.-5+11166C>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000444533.1	O43790
	KRT86	ENST00000958042.1		c.-5+8428C>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000628101.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000796 AC: 2 AN: 251114 AF XY: 0.00000737

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000881

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000411 AC: 6 AN: 1460654 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 726650

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000598 AC: 2 AN: 33448

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000224 AC: 1 AN: 44716

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26132

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86198

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.000205 AC: 1 AN: 4872

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000180 AC: 2 AN: 1111880

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60290

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: no assertion criteria provided

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
1	-	-	Monilethrix-2 (1)
-	-	-	not provided (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.77
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.41	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.43
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.84	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.80
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.75
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.90	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.42	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.5	M
PhyloP100		5.1
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.73	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.7	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.90
Sift	Uncertain	0.0050	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.042	D
Polyphen		0.98	D
Vest4		0.97
MutPred		0.83		Gain of catalytic residue at L417 (P = 0)
MVP		0.84
MPC		1.2
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		5.2
Varity_R		0.84
gMVP		0.65
Mutation Taster		=10/90	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs57419521; hg19: chr12-52680896; COSMIC: COSV59811637;