rs587779086

Variant names:

• chr2-47445592-A-C
• rs587779086
• NM_000251.3:c.1321A>C

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr2-47445592-A-C
• chr2-47445592-A-G
• chr2-47445592-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points: 2P and 2B. PM1 BP4_Moderate

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.1321A>C​(p.Thr441Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000403 in 1,613,374 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 (0 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MSH2 NM_000251.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:13 B:3 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 1.25

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a helix (size 18) in uniprot entity MSH2_HUMAN there are 5 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000251.3
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.19821554).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3	c.1321A>C	p.Thr441Pro	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 16	ENST00000233146.7	NP_000242.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7	c.1321A>C	p.Thr441Pro	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 16	1	NM_000251.3	ENSP00000233146.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000329 AC: 5 AN: 152184 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000735

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000199 AC: 5 AN: 250898 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000295 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 135718

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000441

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000411 AC: 60 AN: 1461190 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.0000454 AC XY: 33 AN XY: 726958

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000531

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000329 AC: 5 AN: 152184 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 74350

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000735

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.0000918 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000378

ExAC AF: 0.0000247 AC: 3

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:13 Benign:3 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:4 Other:1

Aug 12, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 c.1321A>C (p.Thr441Pro) variant has been reported in the published literature in individuals with colorectal cancer (PMIDs: 16636019 (2006), 18383312 (2008)) and ovarian cancer (PMID: 23047549 (2012)). It has also been observed in individuals with breast cancer as well as in reportedly healthy individuals (PMIDs: 25503501 (2015), 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/)). Experimental studies indicate this variant has neutral effects on MSH2 protein stability and DNA repair function (PMIDs: 31237724 (2019), 33357406 (2021)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000054 (7/128884 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

-

GenomeConnect - Invitae Patient Insights Network

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: phenotyping only

Variant interpreted as Likely benign and reported on 08-03-2020 by Lab Ambry Genetics. GenomeConnect-Invitae Patient Insights Network assertions are reported exactly as they appear on the patient-provided report from the testing laboratory. Registry team members make no attempt to reinterpret the clinical significance of the variant. Phenotypic details are available under supporting information. -

Nov 03, 2021

Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jun 08, 2023

Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oct 06, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Observed in individuals with colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian, and breast cancer (Niessen et al., 2006; Chao et al., 2008; Pal et al., 2012; Maxwell et al., 2015); Published functional studies demonstrate slightly reduced protein expression, normal sensitivity to DNA damage, and stable microsatellite instability analysis (Rath et al., 2019); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26333163, 22290698, 18383312, 25503501, 23047549, 16636019, 33357406, 31237724, 18822302, 21120944) -

not specified Uncertain:3

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

May 21, 2021

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: MSH2 c.1321A>C (p.Thr441Pro) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA mismatch repair protein mut S, core domain (IPR007696) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2e-05 in 251298 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.1321A>C has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with MSI-low colorectal cancer and one patient with positive IHC staining for MLH1 and MSH2 (Chao_2008, Niessen_2006), early onset breast cancer (Maxwell_2014), epithelial ovarian cancer (Pal_2012). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer/Lynch syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function. These results showed no damaging effect of this variant on measures of protein stability, DNA repair function and damage response signaling in an experimental system using CRISPR Cas9 gene editing to engineer VUS in human embryonic cells (Rath_2019). Six clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation (likely benign, n=1; VUS, n=5). Some submitters, to include one classifying the variant as likely benign utilize overlapping functional and other evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as VUS-possibly benign. -

May 15, 2019

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 c.1321A>C; p.Thr441Pro variant (rs587779086) is reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancer (Chao 2008, Maxwell 2015, Pal 2012). This variant is reported as a variant of uncertain significance by multiple laboratories in ClinVar (Variation ID: 90628), and is found in the non-Finnish European population with an allele frequency of 0.005% (7/128884 alleles) in the Genome Aggregation Database. The threonine at codon 441 is weakly conserved, and computational analyses (Ali 2012, SIFT, PolyPhen-2) predict that this variant is tolerated. Due to conflicting information, the clinical significance of the p.Thr441Pro variant is uncertain at this time. References Ali H et al. Classification of mismatch repair gene missense variants with PON-MMR. Hum Mutat. 2012 Apr;33(4):642-50. Chao EC et al. Accurate classification of MLH1/MSH2 missense variants with multivariate analysis of protein polymorphisms-mismatch repair (MAPP-MMR). Hum Mutat. 2008 Jun;29(6):852-60. Maxwell KN et al. Prevalence of mutations in a panel of breast cancer susceptibility genes in BRCA1/2-negative patients with early-onset breast cancer. Genet Med. 2015 Aug;17(8):630-8. Pal T et al. Frequency of mutations in mismatch repair genes in a population-based study of women with ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;107(10):1783-90. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Jul 23, 2021

Sema4, Sema4

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

- -

Dec 13, 2023

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces threonine with proline at codon 441 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction is inconclusive regarding the impact of this variant on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold 0.5 < inconclusive < 0.7, PMID: 27666373). Functional studies have reported that this variant rescued MSH2-deficient human embryonic stem cells (PMID: 31237724) and had intermediate MSH2 function in a 6-thioguanine sensitivity assay in haploid human cells (internally defined LOF score threshold -1.32 < LOF score < 0.88, PMID: 33357406). This variant has been observed in individuals affected with Lynch syndrome-associated cancers (PMID: 16636019, 18383312, 23047549) for which tumors in two carriers showed mismatch repair-proficient characteristics (PMID: 16636019, 18383312). This variant also has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer (PMID: 25503501). This variant has been identified in 7/282308 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Jul 17, 2020

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Lynch syndrome 1 Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Dec 09, 2024

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered benign. This variant has been observed in trans with a known pathogenic variant in one or more individuals lacking clinical features consistent with gene-specific recessive disease. Homozygosity for this variant has been confirmed in one or more individuals lacking clinical features consistent with gene-specific recessive disease, indicating that this variant is unlikely to be pathogenic. -

Apr 27, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). Publications were found based on this search. However, the evidence from the literature, in combination with allele frequency data from public databases where available, was not sufficient to rule this variant in or out of causing disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as a variant of unknown significance. -

MSH2-related disorder Uncertain:1

Jul 11, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 c.1321A>C variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Thr441Pro. This variant has been reported in association with multiple cancer types including pancreatic (Niessen et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 16636019, sup. table 1), breast (Maxwell et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25503501, sup. table 1), ovarian (Pal et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 23047549, sup. table 1, Niessen et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 16636019, sup. table 1) and colon cancer (Chao et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 18383312). This variant is reported in 0.0054% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD and has conflicting interpretations regarding its pathogenicity in ClinVar, ranging from benign to uncertain (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/90628/). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Breast and/or ovarian cancer Uncertain:1

Jul 27, 2022

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Lynch syndrome Uncertain:1

Feb 05, 2024

All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces threonine with proline at codon 441 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction is inconclusive regarding the impact of this variant on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold 0.5 < inconclusive < 0.7, PMID: 27666373). Functional studies have reported that this variant rescued MSH2-deficient human embryonic stem cells (PMID: 31237724) and had intermediate MSH2 function in a 6-thioguanine sensitivity assay in haploid human cells (internally defined LOF score threshold -1.32 < LOF score < 0.88, PMID: 33357406). This variant has been observed in individuals affected with Lynch syndrome-associated cancers (PMID: 16636019, 18383312, 23047549) for which tumors in two carriers showed mismatch repair-proficient characteristics (PMID: 16636019, 18383312). This variant also has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer (PMID: 25503501). This variant has been identified in 7/282308 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Benign:1

Feb 03, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.58
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.22	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.23
CADD	Benign	16
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.48	T;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.34
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.23
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.51	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.87	D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.051	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.20	T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.45	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.6	L;.;.;.
PrimateAI	Benign	0.32	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.5	N;N;.;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.57
Sift	Benign	0.058	T;D;.;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.066	T;T;.;T
Polyphen		0.011	B;.;.;B
Vest4		0.76
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.0082
ClinPred		0.064	T
GERP RS		1.9
Varity_R		0.67
gMVP		0.45

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs587779086; hg19: chr2-47672731;