rs587779086

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points: 2P and 2B. PM1BP4_Moderate

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.1321A>C​(p.Thr441Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000403 in 1,613,374 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)
Exomes 𝑓: 0.000041 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MSH2
NM_000251.3 missense

Scores

3
4
12

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:13B:2O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.25
Variant links:
Genes affected
MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points.

PM1
In a helix (size 18) in uniprot entity MSH2_HUMAN there are 5 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000251.3
BP4
Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.19821554).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect Exon rank MANE Protein UniProt
MSH2NM_000251.3 linkc.1321A>C p.Thr441Pro missense_variant Exon 8 of 16 ENST00000233146.7 NP_000242.1 P43246-1

Ensembl

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect Exon rank TSL MANE Protein Appris UniProt
MSH2ENST00000233146.7 linkc.1321A>C p.Thr441Pro missense_variant Exon 8 of 16 1 NM_000251.3 ENSP00000233146.2 P43246-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes
AF:
0.0000329
AC:
5
AN:
152184
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
33
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMI
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad ASJ
AF:
0.00
Gnomad EAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad FIN
AF:
0.00
Gnomad MID
AF:
0.00
Gnomad NFE
AF:
0.0000735
Gnomad OTH
AF:
0.00
GnomAD3 exomes
AF:
0.0000199
AC:
5
AN:
250898
Hom.:
0
AF XY:
0.0000295
AC XY:
4
AN XY:
135718
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad ASJ exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad FIN exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad NFE exome
AF:
0.0000441
Gnomad OTH exome
AF:
0.00
GnomAD4 exome
AF:
0.0000411
AC:
60
AN:
1461190
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
30
AF XY:
0.0000454
AC XY:
33
AN XY:
726958
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 AMR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 ASJ exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 FIN exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 NFE exome
AF:
0.0000531
Gnomad4 OTH exome
AF:
0.0000166
GnomAD4 genome
AF:
0.0000329
AC:
5
AN:
152184
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
33
AF XY:
0.00
AC XY:
0
AN XY:
74350
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 AMR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 ASJ
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 EAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 FIN
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 NFE
AF:
0.0000735
Gnomad4 OTH
AF:
0.00
Alfa
AF:
0.0000918
Hom.:
0
Bravo
AF:
0.0000378
ExAC
AF:
0.0000247
AC:
3
EpiCase
AF:
0.0000545
EpiControl
AF:
0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity
Submissions summary: Uncertain:13Benign:2Other:1
Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications
LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:4Other:1
Jun 08, 2023
Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oct 06, 2023
GeneDx
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

Observed in individuals with colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian, and breast cancer (Niessen et al., 2006; Chao et al., 2008; Pal et al., 2012; Maxwell et al., 2015); Published functional studies demonstrate slightly reduced protein expression, normal sensitivity to DNA damage, and stable microsatellite instability analysis (Rath et al., 2019); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26333163, 22290698, 18383312, 25503501, 23047549, 16636019, 33357406, 31237724, 18822302, 21120944) -

Nov 03, 2021
Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

-
GenomeConnect - Invitae Patient Insights Network
Significance: not provided
Review Status: no classification provided
Collection Method: phenotyping only

Variant interpreted as Likely benign and reported on 08-03-2020 by Lab Ambry Genetics. GenomeConnect-Invitae Patient Insights Network assertions are reported exactly as they appear on the patient-provided report from the testing laboratory. Registry team members make no attempt to reinterpret the clinical significance of the variant. Phenotypic details are available under supporting information. -

Aug 12, 2024
Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 c.1321A>C (p.Thr441Pro) variant has been reported in the published literature in individuals with colorectal cancer (PMIDs: 16636019 (2006), 18383312 (2008)) and ovarian cancer (PMID: 23047549 (2012)). It has also been observed in individuals with breast cancer as well as in reportedly healthy individuals (PMIDs: 25503501 (2015), 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/)). Experimental studies indicate this variant has neutral effects on MSH2 protein stability and DNA repair function (PMIDs: 31237724 (2019), 33357406 (2021)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000054 (7/128884 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

not specified Uncertain:3
May 21, 2021
Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: MSH2 c.1321A>C (p.Thr441Pro) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA mismatch repair protein mut S, core domain (IPR007696) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2e-05 in 251298 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.1321A>C has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with MSI-low colorectal cancer and one patient with positive IHC staining for MLH1 and MSH2 (Chao_2008, Niessen_2006), early onset breast cancer (Maxwell_2014), epithelial ovarian cancer (Pal_2012). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer/Lynch syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function. These results showed no damaging effect of this variant on measures of protein stability, DNA repair function and damage response signaling in an experimental system using CRISPR Cas9 gene editing to engineer VUS in human embryonic cells (Rath_2019). Six clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation (likely benign, n=1; VUS, n=5). Some submitters, to include one classifying the variant as likely benign utilize overlapping functional and other evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as VUS-possibly benign. -

May 15, 2019
ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 c.1321A>C; p.Thr441Pro variant (rs587779086) is reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancer (Chao 2008, Maxwell 2015, Pal 2012). This variant is reported as a variant of uncertain significance by multiple laboratories in ClinVar (Variation ID: 90628), and is found in the non-Finnish European population with an allele frequency of 0.005% (7/128884 alleles) in the Genome Aggregation Database. The threonine at codon 441 is weakly conserved, and computational analyses (Ali 2012, SIFT, PolyPhen-2) predict that this variant is tolerated. Due to conflicting information, the clinical significance of the p.Thr441Pro variant is uncertain at this time. References Ali H et al. Classification of mismatch repair gene missense variants with PON-MMR. Hum Mutat. 2012 Apr;33(4):642-50. Chao EC et al. Accurate classification of MLH1/MSH2 missense variants with multivariate analysis of protein polymorphisms-mismatch repair (MAPP-MMR). Hum Mutat. 2008 Jun;29(6):852-60. Maxwell KN et al. Prevalence of mutations in a panel of breast cancer susceptibility genes in BRCA1/2-negative patients with early-onset breast cancer. Genet Med. 2015 Aug;17(8):630-8. Pal T et al. Frequency of mutations in mismatch repair genes in a population-based study of women with ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012 Nov 6;107(10):1783-90. -

Mar 04, 2025
Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2Benign:1
Jul 17, 2020
Ambry Genetics
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Jul 23, 2021
Sema4, Sema4
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: curation

- -

Dec 13, 2023
Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces threonine with proline at codon 441 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction is inconclusive regarding the impact of this variant on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold 0.5 < inconclusive < 0.7, PMID: 27666373). Functional studies have reported that this variant rescued MSH2-deficient human embryonic stem cells (PMID: 31237724) and had intermediate MSH2 function in a 6-thioguanine sensitivity assay in haploid human cells (internally defined LOF score threshold -1.32 < LOF score < 0.88, PMID: 33357406). This variant has been observed in individuals affected with Lynch syndrome-associated cancers (PMID: 16636019, 18383312, 23047549) for which tumors in two carriers showed mismatch repair-proficient characteristics (PMID: 16636019, 18383312). This variant also has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer (PMID: 25503501). This variant has been identified in 7/282308 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Breast and/or ovarian cancer Uncertain:1
Jul 27, 2022
CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

MSH2-related disorder Uncertain:1
Jul 11, 2024
PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: no assertion criteria provided
Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 c.1321A>C variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Thr441Pro. This variant has been reported in association with multiple cancer types including pancreatic (Niessen et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 16636019, sup. table 1), breast (Maxwell et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25503501, sup. table 1), ovarian (Pal et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 23047549, sup. table 1, Niessen et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 16636019, sup. table 1) and colon cancer (Chao et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 18383312). This variant is reported in 0.0054% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD and has conflicting interpretations regarding its pathogenicity in ClinVar, ranging from benign to uncertain (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/90628/). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Lynch syndrome 1 Uncertain:1
Apr 27, 2017
Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). Publications were found based on this search. However, the evidence from the literature, in combination with allele frequency data from public databases where available, was not sufficient to rule this variant in or out of causing disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as a variant of unknown significance. -

Lynch syndrome Uncertain:1
Feb 05, 2024
All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces threonine with proline at codon 441 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction is inconclusive regarding the impact of this variant on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold 0.5 < inconclusive < 0.7, PMID: 27666373). Functional studies have reported that this variant rescued MSH2-deficient human embryonic stem cells (PMID: 31237724) and had intermediate MSH2 function in a 6-thioguanine sensitivity assay in haploid human cells (internally defined LOF score threshold -1.32 < LOF score < 0.88, PMID: 33357406). This variant has been observed in individuals affected with Lynch syndrome-associated cancers (PMID: 16636019, 18383312, 23047549) for which tumors in two carriers showed mismatch repair-proficient characteristics (PMID: 16636019, 18383312). This variant also has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer (PMID: 25503501). This variant has been identified in 7/282308 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Benign:1
Feb 03, 2025
Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp
Significance: Benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

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Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
AlphaMissense
Pathogenic
0.58
BayesDel_addAF
Pathogenic
0.22
D
BayesDel_noAF
Pathogenic
0.23
CADD
Benign
16
DANN
Uncertain
0.99
DEOGEN2
Uncertain
0.48
T;.;.;.
Eigen
Benign
-0.34
Eigen_PC
Benign
-0.23
FATHMM_MKL
Benign
0.51
D
LIST_S2
Uncertain
0.87
D;D;D;D
M_CAP
Benign
0.051
D
MetaRNN
Benign
0.20
T;T;T;T
MetaSVM
Benign
-0.45
T
MutationAssessor
Benign
1.6
L;.;.;.
PrimateAI
Benign
0.32
T
PROVEAN
Benign
-1.5
N;N;.;N
REVEL
Uncertain
0.57
Sift
Benign
0.058
T;D;.;T
Sift4G
Benign
0.066
T;T;.;T
Polyphen
0.011
B;.;.;B
Vest4
0.76
MVP
1.0
MPC
0.0082
ClinPred
0.064
T
GERP RS
1.9
Varity_R
0.67
gMVP
0.45

Splicing

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)
0.0
Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs587779086; hg19: chr2-47672731; API