rs587780167

Positions:

chr22-28695836-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM1BP4

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):c.1133C>T(p.Thr378Ile) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000205 in 1,613,512 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T378S) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000026 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000020 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

CHEK2
NM_007194.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:12B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.58

Variant links:

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

CHEK2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 2 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 15 uncertain in NM_007194.4

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.27654645).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.1133C>T	p.Thr378Ile	missense_variant	11/15	ENST00000404276.6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6 linkuse as main transcript	c.1133C>T	p.Thr378Ile	missense_variant	11/15	1	NM_007194.4	P2	O96017-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152188

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000131

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000519

AC:

AN:

250714

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000369

AC XY:

AN XY:

135646

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000116

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000795

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000198

AC:

AN:

1461324

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000179

AC XY:

AN XY:

727002

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.000112

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000207

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152188

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

74350

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.000131

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000282

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000264

ExAC

AF:

0.0000741

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:12Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:4

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Jan 24, 2024	This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 378 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Thr378Ile). This variant is present in population databases (rs587780167, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 34282249). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 128046). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect CHEK2 function (PMID: 30851065). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Sep 29, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	May 05, 2016	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 09, 2023	This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Sema4, Sema4	Aug 21, 2021	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Dec 20, 2022	This missense variant replaces threonine with isoleucine at codon 378 in the kinase domain of the CHEK2 protein. The reference threonine residue has been shown to be phosphorylated in response to DNA damage stimuli (PMID: 17698850, 20713355) and to play a role in regulating ionizing radiation-induced kinase activity (PMID: 20713355). Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). A functional study has shown the mutant protein to be functional in DNA damage repair assay in yeast (PMID: 30851065). In a large breast cancer case-control study, this variant was observed in 9/60466 cases and 7/53461 unaffected controls (OR=1.137, 95%CI 0.423 to 3.053, p-value=1) (PMID: 33471991, Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID CHEK2_000355). This variant has been identified in 13/250714 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jul 20, 2023	The p.T378I variant (also known as c.1133C>T), located in coding exon 10 of the CHEK2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1133. The threonine at codon 378 is replaced by isoleucine, an amino acid with similar properties. This alteration behaved as functional in an in vivo, yeast-based growth rate assay (Delimitsou A et al. Hum Mutat, 2019 05;40:631-648). This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

not provided

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jun 07, 2023	Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with breast cancer and in unaffected controls (Weitzel et al., 2019; Dorling et al., 2021; Helgadottir et al., 2021); Published functional studies suggest no damaging effect: DNA damage response and cell growth comparable to wild type in yeast-based assays (Delimitsou et al., 2019); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 20713355, 17698850, 33471991, 22419737, 19782031, 34282249, 30851065, 31206626) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	Oct 04, 2022	The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.00012 (4/34568 chromosomes, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), is uninformative in assessment of its pathogenicity. This variant has been reported in individuals affected with breast cancer and unaffected controls (PMIDs: 30851065 (2019) and 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/genes/CHEK2)). A yeast-based functional study has indicated that this variant maintains CHEK2 protein function (PMID: 30851065 (2019)). Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded conflicting predictions that this variant is deleterious or benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

not specified

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Jul 31, 2024	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jun 20, 2023	Variant summary: CHEK2 c.1133C>T (p.Thr378Ile) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Protein kinase domain (IPR000719) of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 5.2e-05 in 250714 control chromosomes in GnomAD. This frequency is not significantly higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in CHEK2 causing Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (5.2e-05 vs 0.00031), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.1133C>T has been reported in the literature in unaffected controls and individuals with breast cancer (example, Weitzel_2019, Dorling_2021/LOVD database). The results showed that this variant is not associated with breast cancer. Co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant has been reported (BRIP1 c.2108delinsTCC, p.Lys703Ilefs*3 in Helgadottir_2021), providing supporting evidence for a benign role. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function. These results showed no damaging effect of this variant in an in vivo yeast based assay comparing growth rates of each strain with positive and negative controls (example, Delimitsou_2019). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 30851065, 31206626, 33471991, 34282249). Nine clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments (all uncertain significance) for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. To our knowledge none of the submitters have cited overlapping evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

CHEK2-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Jan 05, 2024

The CHEK2 c.1133C>T variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Thr378Ile. This variant was reported in an individual with breast cancer in the presence of a pathogenic variant in a different gene (Helgadottir et al. 2021. PubMed ID: 34282249). However, this variant has also been documented in controls (Table S3, Weitzel et al. 2019. PMID: 31206626). An in vivo, yeast-based growth rate assay showed this variant behaved similar to wild type CHEK2 (Delimitsou et al. 2019. PMID: 30851065). This variant is reported in 0.012% of alleles in individuals of Latino descent in gnomAD and has conflicting interpretations in ClinVar of likely benign and uncertain (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/128046/). Although we suspect that this variant may be benign, at this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Familial cancer of breast;C0376358:Malignant tumor of prostate;C0585442:Bone osteosarcoma;C5882668:Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Oct 31, 2018

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.57

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.11

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.17

CADD

Uncertain

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.24

T;.;T;.;T;.;T;.;.

Eigen

Uncertain

0.35

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.48

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.97

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.92

.;D;.;T;.;T;T;T;.

M_CAP

Benign

0.030

MetaRNN

Benign

0.28

T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.72

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.9

L;.;L;.;L;.;L;.;.

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.64

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-2.8

D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D

REVEL

Benign

0.12

Sift

Benign

0.099

T;T;T;.;T;T;.;T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.18

T;T;T;.;T;T;.;T;T

Polyphen

0.070

B;P;B;.;B;B;B;D;P

Vest4

0.52

MutPred

0.43

Loss of glycosylation at T378 (P = 0.0508);.;Loss of glycosylation at T378 (P = 0.0508);.;Loss of glycosylation at T378 (P = 0.0508);.;Loss of glycosylation at T378 (P = 0.0508);.;.;

MVP

0.76

MPC

0.050

ClinPred

0.26

GERP RS

5.9

Varity_R

0.52

gMVP

0.43

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over