rs61752159

Variant names:

• chrX-18644530-C-T
• rs61752159
• NM_000330.4:c.422G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 23 ACMG points: 23P and 0B. PS3 PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000330.4(RS1):​c.422G>A​(p.Arg141His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★★). ClinVar reports functional evidence for this variant: "SCV006555202: HEK293 cells exogenously expressing the variant exhibit loss of RS1 membrane binding, and the variant is unable to attenuate photoreceptor degeneration in retinal explants (PMID:30040949, PS3_Supporting).". Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R141S) has been classified as Likely pathogenic. The gene RS1 is included in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 22)
• Consequence: RS1 NM_000330.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:6 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.32
• Publications: 23 publications found

Genes affected

RS1 (HGNC:10457): (retinoschisin 1) This gene encodes an extracellular protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular organization of the retina. The encoded protein is assembled and secreted from photoreceptors and bipolar cells as a homo-oligomeric protein complex. Mutations in this gene are responsible for X-linked retinoschisis, a common, early-onset macular degeneration in males that results in a splitting of the inner layers of the retina and severe loss in vision. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

CDKL5 (HGNC:11411): (cyclin dependent kinase like 5) This gene is a member of Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a phosphorylated protein with protein kinase activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked infantile spasm syndrome (ISSX), also known as X-linked West syndrome, and Rett syndrome (RTT). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDKL5 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• CDKL5 disorder

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 2

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• atypical Rett syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• infantile spasms

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• precocious puberty

  Inheritance: XL Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

ACMG classification

Specifications for RS1 are available in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry and recommended for reference when assigning criteria.

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 23 ACMG points.

• PS3: PS3 evidence extracted from ClinVar submissions: SCV006555202: HEK293 cells exogenously expressing the variant exhibit loss of RS1 membrane binding, and the variant is unable to attenuate photoreceptor degeneration in retinal explants (PMID: 30040949, PS3_Supporting).
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 13 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 11 uncertain in NM_000330.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrX-18644531-G-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 4279569.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 110 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 9 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.96911 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: NaN (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to X-linked retinoschisis, retinoschisis.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.992
• PP5: Variant X-18644530-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-18644530-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 98960.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000330.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RS1	NM_000330.4	MANE Select	c.422G>A	p.Arg141His	missense	Exon 5 of 6	NP_000321.1	O15537
	CDKL5	NM_001037343.2		c.2714-1477C>T		intron	N/A	NP_001032420.1	O76039-1
	CDKL5	NM_003159.3		c.2714-1477C>T		intron	N/A	NP_003150.1	O76039-1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RS1	ENST00000379984.4	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.422G>A	p.Arg141His	missense	Exon 5 of 6	ENSP00000369320.3	O15537
	CDKL5	ENST00000379989.6	TSL:1	c.2714-1477C>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000369325.3	O76039-1
	CDKL5	ENST00000379996.7	TSL:1	c.2714-1477C>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000369332.3	O76039-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 22

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 22

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
3	-	-	not provided (4)
2	-	-	Juvenile retinoschisis (2)
1	-	-	Retinal dystrophy (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.83
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.65	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.69
CADD	Pathogenic	30
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.86	D
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.77	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.4	M
PhyloP100		7.3
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.81	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-2.1	N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.91
Sift	Benign	0.033	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.95		Gain of helix (P = 0.132)
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.8
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.9
Varity_R		0.67
gMVP		0.92
Mutation Taster		=32/68	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs61752159; hg19: chrX-18662650; COSMIC: COSV101183688;