rs61753178

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000372.5(TYR):c.61C>T(p.Pro21Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000229 in 1,614,054 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. P21L) has been classified as Pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000024 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

TYR
NM_000372.5 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.45

Variant links:

Genes affected

TYR (HGNC:12442): (tyrosinase) The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

TYR links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr11-89178015-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.99

PP5

Variant 11-89178014-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-89178014-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 3793.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr11-89178014-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr11-89178014-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic]. Variant chr11-89178014-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TYR	NM_000372.5 link	c.61C>T	p.Pro21Ser	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 5	ENST00000263321.6	NP_000363.1	P14679-1L8B082
TYR	XM_011542970.3 link	c.61C>T	p.Pro21Ser	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 6		XP_011541272.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TYR	ENST00000263321.6 link	c.61C>T	p.Pro21Ser	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 5	1	NM_000372.5	ENSP00000263321.4		P14679-1
TYR	ENST00000526139.1 link	n.122C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 3	1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000358

AC:

AN:

251474

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000515

AC XY:

AN XY:

135904

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000791

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000239

AC:

AN:

1461882

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000248

AC XY:

AN XY:

727240

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000315

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74328

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000277

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000151

ExAC

AF:

0.0000494

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

Pathogenic:3

Jul 22, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Sep 01, 2022

3billion, Medical Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.004%). Missense changes are a common disease-causing mechanism. In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product (REVEL: 0.94; 3Cnet: 0.53). Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000003793). The variant has been reported with a pathogenic variant as either compound heterozygous or homozygous in at least one similarly affected unrelated individual (PMID: 1642278). A different missense change at the same codon (p.Pro21Leu) has been reported to be associated with TYR -related disorder (PMID: 22734612). Therefore, this variant is classified as Pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -

Jul 15, 1992

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:2Other:1

Feb 01, 2021

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Retina International

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Feb 02, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 21 of the TYR protein (p.Pro21Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs61753178, gnomAD 0.008%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with ocular albinism (PMID: 1642278, 13680365, 19060277, 20861488). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 3793). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt TYR protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B

Pathogenic:1

Feb 19, 2024

Pittsburgh Clinical Genomics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence variant is a single nucleotide substitution (C>T) at position 61 of the coding sequence of the TYR gene that results in a proline to serine amino acid change at residue 21 of the tyrosinase protein. This is a previously reported variant (ClinVar 3793) that has been observed in numerous homozygous and compound heterozygous individuals affected by oculocutaneous albinism (PMID: 1642278, 13680365, 19060277, 26167114, 27734839, 30472657). This variant is present in 11 of 403646 alleles (0.0027%) in the gnomAD population dataset. Multiple bioinformatic tools predict that this amino acid change would be damaging, and the Pro21 residue at this position is highly conserved across the vertebrate species examined. Studies examining the functional consequence of this variant have not been published, to our knowledge. Based upon the evidence, we consider this variant to be pathogenic. ACMG Criteria: PM2, PM3, PP2, PP3, PS4 -

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B;C2677190:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN;C4551504:Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

Pathogenic:1

Apr 03, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN

Pathogenic:1

Mar 17, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.77

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.41

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.55

CADD

Uncertain

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.89

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.95

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.90

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

1.0

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.92

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.53

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.95

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.6

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.53

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-6.3

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.94

Sift

Uncertain

0.0010

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0090

Polyphen

1.0

Vest4

0.97

MutPred

0.91

Gain of disorder (P = 0.1295);

MVP

0.99

MPC

0.075

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

6.1

Varity_R

0.71

gMVP

0.95

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over