rs61754392

Variant names:

• chr11-89284843-G-A
• rs61754392
• NM_000372.5:c.1255G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PS3 PM1 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000372.5(TYR):​c.1255G>A​(p.Gly419Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000409 in 1,611,844 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 13/22 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). ClinVar reports functional evidence for this variant: "SCV002242843: Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects TYR function (PMID:20861851)." and additional evidence is available in ClinVar.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000045 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TYR NM_000372.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:14 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.40
• Publications: 16 publications found

Genes affected

TYR (HGNC:12442): (tyrosinase) The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

TYR Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Laboratory for Molecular Medicine
• Waardenburg syndrome type 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1B

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• temperature-sensitive oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points.

• PS3: PS3 evidence extracted from ClinVar submissions: SCV002242843: Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects TYR function (PMID: 20861851).; SCV002588337: Published functional studies demonstrate a lack of tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA oxidase compared to wild type (Chaki et al., 2011)
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 7 uncertain in NM_000372.5
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 116 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 3 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: -1.9514 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.85521 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Waardenburg syndrome type 2, oculocutaneous albinism type 1A, oculocutaneous albinism type 1B, temperature-sensitive oculocutaneous albinism type 1, oculocutaneous albinism type 1, minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism type 1.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.918
• PP5: Variant 11-89284843-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-89284843-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 3792.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000372.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TYR	NM_000372.5	MANE Select	c.1255G>A	p.Gly419Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 5	NP_000363.1	P14679-1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TYR	ENST00000263321.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1255G>A	p.Gly419Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 5	ENSP00000263321.4	P14679-1
	TYR	ENST00000528243.1	TSL:5	n.253G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000659 AC: 1 AN: 151782 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000639 AC: 16 AN: 250446 AF XY: 0.000103

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000354

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000445 AC: 65 AN: 1460062 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000592 AC XY: 43 AN XY: 726362

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33374

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44582

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26050

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39662

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.000557 AC: 48 AN: 86206

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53398

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.000174 AC: 1 AN: 5746

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000135 AC: 15 AN: 1110766

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000166 AC: 1 AN: 60278

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000659 AC: 1 AN: 151782 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74122

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41364

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15210

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3456

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5150

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4824

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10600

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000147 AC: 1 AN: 67866

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2084

Alfa AF: 0.0000225 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000113

ExAC AF: 0.0000330 AC: 4

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
3	-	-	not provided (4)
3	-	-	Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A (3)
2	-	-	Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (2)
2	-	-	Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B;C4551504:Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A (2)
1	-	-	Albinism or congenital nystagmus (1)
1	-	-	Nonsyndromic Oculocutaneous Albinism (1)
1	-	-	Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B;C2677190:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN;C4551504:Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A (1)
1	-	-	SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.91
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.35	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.58
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.85	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.85
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.77
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.86	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.71	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.6	H
PhyloP100		9.4
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.76	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.7	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.93
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.99
MutPred		0.49		Gain of solvent accessibility (P = 0.1319)
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.074
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		4.7
Varity_R		0.89
gMVP		0.96
Mutation Taster		=2/98	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs61754392; hg19: chr11-89018011;