rs62625276

chr16-23630463-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PM2 BP4_Strong

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.1691A>G(p.Lys564Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000186 in 1,610,178 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. K564K) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 1.13

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.062002927).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.1691A>G	p.Lys564Arg	missense_variant	5/13	ENST00000261584.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.1691A>G	p.Lys564Arg	missense_variant	5/13	1	NM_024675.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152182 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1457996 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 725276

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000300

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 9.01e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152182 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 74350

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	May 22, 2020	- -
Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided	curation	Leiden Open Variation Database	Jan 31, 2017	Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Melissa DeRycke. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jul 26, 2023	Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in an individual with breast cancer (Decker et al., 2017); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 28944238, 28779002) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Aug 22, 2019	This missense variant replaces lysine with arginine at codon 564 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction tools and conservation analyses suggest that this variant may not impact protein structure and function. Splice site prediction tools suggest that this variant may not impact RNA splicing. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been performed for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature. This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Dec 02, 2022	The p.K564R variant (also known as c.1691A>G), located in coding exon 5 of the PALB2 gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 1691. The lysine at codon 564 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This alteration has been reported in at least one subject in a study of 13087 breast cancer cases in the UK (Decker B et al. J Med Genet, 2017 11;54:732-741). This amino acid position is poorly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Dec 10, 2023

This sequence change replaces lysine, which is basic and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 564 of the PALB2 protein (p.Lys564Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 186382). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.093
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.33	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.71
Cadd	Benign	15
Dann	Benign	0.93
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.010	T;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.54
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.47
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.14	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.38	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.0063	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.062	T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.0	T
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.25	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.38	N;N
Sift	Benign	0.55	T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.57	T;T
Polyphen		0.36	.;B
Vest4		0.12
MVP		0.41
MPC		0.050
ClinPred		0.18	T
GERP RS		4.4
Varity_R		0.055
gMVP		0.040

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs62625276; hg19: chr16-23641784;