rs63750590

Variant names:

• chr14-73186860-A-G
• rs63750590
• NM_000021.4:c.488A>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000021.4(PSEN1):​c.488A>G​(p.His163Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. H163Y) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: PSEN1 NM_000021.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.56
• Publications: 86 publications found

Genes affected

PSEN1 (HGNC:9508): (presenilin 1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

PSEN1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Alzheimer disease 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp
• Pick disease

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• semantic dementia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• acne inversa, familial, 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• dilated cardiomyopathy 1U

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• dilated cardiomyopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 10 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 12 uncertain in NM_000021.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr14-73186859-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 18130.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the PSEN1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 113 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 14 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.1558 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.0986 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Alzheimer disease 3, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy 1U, acne inversa, familial, 3, Pick disease, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease, dilated cardiomyopathy.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.95
• PP5: Variant 14-73186860-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-73186860-A-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 18124.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PSEN1	NM_000021.4	c.488A>G	p.His163Arg	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 12	ENST00000324501.10	NP_000012.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PSEN1	ENST00000324501.10	c.488A>G	p.His163Arg	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 12	1	NM_000021.4	ENSP00000326366.5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1 Other:1

Nov 15, 2022

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant has been identified in multiple unrelated individuals with clinical features associated with Alzheimer disease or dementia. This variant has not been reported in large, multi-ethnic general populations (Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), Cambridge, MA (URL: http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)). Assessment of experimental evidence suggests this variant results in abnormal protein function. (PMID: 10327206, 12549925, 18045903) -

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VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Pick disease;C0338451:Frontotemporal dementia;C1843013:Alzheimer disease 3;C3151038:Acne inversa, familial, 3 Pathogenic:1

Jul 20, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces histidine, which is basic and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 163 of the PSEN1 protein (p.His163Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) (PMID: 7596406, 8733303, 12433263, 22503161, 26337232, 27264813). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 18124). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PSEN1 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects PSEN1 function (PMID: 8986743, 19111578, 22461631). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Pick disease;C0338451:Frontotemporal dementia;C1843013:Alzheimer disease 3;C3151038:Acne inversa, familial, 3;C3160720:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1U Pathogenic:1

Nov 12, 2021

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

PSEN1-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Aug 30, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The PSEN1 c.488A>G variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.His163Arg. This variant has previously been reported to be causative for Alzheimer disease in many unrelated individuals (Sherrington et al. 1995. PubMed ID: 7596406; Lohmann et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 22503161). Internally, we have observed this variant in other patients with PSEN1-related disorders. Of note, two different missense variants c.487C>T (p.His163Tyr) and c.488A>C (p.His163Pro), affecting the same amino acid residue, have also been reported to be causative for Alzheimer disease (Alzheimer's Disease Collaborative Group. 1995. PubMed ID: 7550356; HGMD database). Functional studies suggested this variant reduced both Aβ40 and Aβ42 production, but increased Aβ42/Aβ 40 ratio through the effect on γ-secretase (Placanica et al. 2009. PubMed ID: 19036728; Sun et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 27930341). This variant has not been reported in a large population database (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), indicating this variant is rare. In summary, we classify this variant as pathogenic. -

Alzheimer disease 3 Pathogenic:1

Jun 29, 1995

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

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Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.32
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.51
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.97	.;D;.;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.25
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.32
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.96	.;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.62	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.95	D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.8	.;L;.;L;.
PhyloP100		8.6
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.82	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.7	D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.88
Sift	Benign	0.093	T;T;T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.10	T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.34	B;P;B;.;.
Vest4		0.96
MutPred		0.81		.;Gain of catalytic residue at A164 (P = 0);.;Gain of catalytic residue at A164 (P = 0);.;
MVP		1.0
MPC		1.3
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		4.1
Varity_R		0.56
gMVP		0.86
Mutation Taster		=2/98	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
Splicevardb		2.0
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63750590; hg19: chr14-73653568;