rs72554636

Variant names:

• chrX-77989847-C-T
• rs72554636
• NM_000052.7:c.1225C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5

The NM_000052.7(ATP7A):​c.1225C>T​(p.Arg409*) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 22)
• Consequence: ATP7A NM_000052.7 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:4 U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 1.70

Genes affected

ATP7A (HGNC:869): (ATPase copper transporting alpha) This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that functions in copper transport across membranes. This protein is localized to the trans Golgi network, where it is predicted to supply copper to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway. It relocalizes to the plasma membrane under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, and functions in the efflux of copper from cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Menkes disease, X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy, and occipital horn syndrome. Alternatively-spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

PGK1 (HGNC:8896): (phosphoglycerate kinase 1) The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The encoded protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. Additionally, this protein is secreted by tumor cells where it participates in angiogenesis by functioning to reduce disulfide bonds in the serine protease, plasmin, which consequently leads to the release of the tumor blood vessel inhibitor angiostatin. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Deficiency of the enzyme is associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes hemolytic anemia and neurological impairment. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 19, 21 and the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 11 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant X-77989847-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-77989847-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 210389.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=1, Pathogenic=3}. Variant chrX-77989847-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ATP7A	NM_000052.7	c.1225C>T	p.Arg409*	stop_gained	Exon 4 of 23	ENST00000341514.11	NP_000043.4
ATP7A	NM_001282224.2	c.1225C>T	p.Arg409*	stop_gained	Exon 4 of 22		NP_001269153.1
ATP7A	NR_104109.2	n.284+18086C>T		intron_variant	Intron 2 of 9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ATP7A	ENST00000341514.11	c.1225C>T	p.Arg409*	stop_gained	Exon 4 of 23	1	NM_000052.7	ENSP00000345728.6

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 22

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 22

Alfa AF: 0.0000611 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4 Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Menkes kinky-hair syndrome Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:2

Feb 08, 2013

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 26, 2024

Genomic Medicine Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 06, 2016

Inherited Neuropathy Consortium Ii, University Of Miami

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Feb 27, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: ATP7A c.1225C>T (p.Arg409X) results in a premature termination codon, predicted to cause a truncation of the encoded protein or absence of the protein due to nonsense mediated decay, which are commonly known mechanisms for disease. The variant was absent in 181793 control chromosomes. c.1225C>T has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Menkes Kinky-Hair Syndrome (Tumer_1997). To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publication have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 8981948). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 210389). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Oct 07, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25525159, 8981948) -

Menkes kinky-hair syndrome;C0268353:Cutis laxa, X-linked;C1845359:X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3 Pathogenic:1

Dec 02, 2021

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 210389). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with Menkes disease (PMID: 8981948). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Arg409*) in the ATP7A gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in ATP7A are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 11241493, 20652413). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.74	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.29
CADD	Pathogenic	31
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.16	N
Vest4		0.71
GERP RS		3.9

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs72554636; hg19: chrX-77245343;