rs730881681

chr22-28725365-A-Gchr22-28725365-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM1 PP3

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):c.322T>C(p.Cys108Arg) variant causes a missense, splice region change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000753 in 1,461,782 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 1/1 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. C108S) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000075 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CHEK2 NM_007194.4 missense, splice_region
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:9
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.10

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 17 uncertain in NM_007194.4
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.834

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	c.322T>C	p.Cys108Arg	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	3/15	ENST00000404276.6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	c.322T>C	p.Cys108Arg	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	3/15	1	NM_007194.4	P2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000753 AC: 11 AN: 1461782 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000825 AC XY: 6 AN XY: 727186

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000809

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000331

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.0000611 Hom.: 0

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:9

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:5

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 08, 2023	This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center	Mar 13, 2023	_x000D_ Criteria applied: PM2_SUP, PP3 -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Apr 04, 2017	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Jan 28, 2024	This sequence change replaces cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 108 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Cys108Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of CHEK2-related conditions (PMID: 32660107, 34326862). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 182424). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects CHEK2 function (PMID: 30851065). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington	Aug 09, 2019	To our knowledge, this sequence variant has not been previously reported in the literature. This variant is not present in population databases https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/. In silico analyses indicate this is an evolutionarily conserved residue. Thus, it is unknown at this time whether this variant increases cancer risk. -

not provided Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 05, 2016	This variant is denoted CHEK2 c.322T>C at the cDNA level, p.Cys108Arg (C108R) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Cysteine to an Arginine (TGT>CGT). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. CHEK2 Cys108Arg was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. Since Cysteine and Arginine differ in polarity, charge, size or other properties, this is considered a non-conservative amino acid substitution. CHEK2 Cys108Arg occurs at a position that is conserved across species and is located in the FHA domain (Roeb 2012). In silico analyses predict that this variant is probably damaging to protein structure and function. Based on currently available information, it is unclear whether CHEK2 Cys108Arg is pathogenic or benign. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden	Nov 03, 2021	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Oct 12, 2020	This missense variant replaces cysteine with arginine at codon 108 of the CHEK2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may have deleterious impact on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold >= 0.7, PMID: 27666373). A functional study has shown this variant to be damaging in DNA damage response assay in yeast (PMID: 30851065). This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature. This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Oct 23, 2023	The p.C108R variant (also known as c.322T>C), located in coding exon 2 of the CHEK2 gene, results from a T to C substitution at nucleotide position 322. The cysteine at codon 108 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with highly dissimilar properties. This alteration has been reported in at least one subject in a study of 13087 breast cancer cases and 5488 control individuals in the UK (Decker B et al. J Med Genet, 2017 11;54:732-741). This alteration was also detected in 1/5589 German BRCA1/2-negative probands with breast cancer (Hauke J et al. Cancer Med, 2018 04;7:1349-1358). Additionally, this alteration behaved as non-functional in an in vivo, yeast-based growth rate assay (Delimitsou A et al. Hum Mutat, 2019 05;40:631-648). This alteration was also reported as functionally impaired in a study assessing CHEK2-complementation through quantification of KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells (Stolarova L et al. Clin Cancer Res, 2023 Aug;29:3037-3050). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.44	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.39
Cadd	Benign	23
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.42	T;.;T;T;.;T;.;.;.;T;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.66
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.66
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.97	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.25	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.83	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.67	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.2	M;M;M;M;.;M;M;.;.;.;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.68	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.7	D;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;.;.;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.86
Sift	Uncertain	0.013	D;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;.;.;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.065	T;D;T;T;D;.;D;D;D;D;.;.
Polyphen		0.99	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.89
MutPred		0.56		Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);.;Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);.;Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);Loss of catalytic residue at D111 (P = 0.0842);
MVP		0.96
MPC		0.18
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		5.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1
Varity_R		0.93
gMVP		0.81

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs730881681; hg19: chr22-29121353;