rs74315387

Variant names:

• chr20-35434216-C-T
• rs74315387
• NM_000557.5:c.1199G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 10 ACMG points: 10P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Moderate

The NM_000557.5(GDF5):​c.1199G>A​(p.Cys400Tyr) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. C400C) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: GDF5 NM_000557.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.98
• Publications: 5 publications found

Genes affected

GDF5 (HGNC:4220): (growth differentiation factor 5) This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein regulates the development of numerous tissue and cell types, including cartilage, joints, brown fat, teeth, and the growth of neuronal axons and dendrites. Mutations in this gene are associated with acromesomelic dysplasia, brachydactyly, chondrodysplasia, multiple synostoses syndrome, proximal symphalangism, and susceptibility to osteoarthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

GDF5-AS1 (HGNC:33435): (GDF5 antisense RNA 1) Predicted to be located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 10 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Growth/differentiation factor 5 (size 119) in uniprot entity GDF5_HUMAN there are 11 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000557.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.994
• PP5: Variant 20-35434216-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr20-35434216-C-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 8379.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000557.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GDF5	NM_000557.5	MANE Select	c.1199G>A	p.Cys400Tyr	missense	Exon 2 of 2	NP_000548.2
	GDF5	NM_001319138.2		c.1199G>A	p.Cys400Tyr	missense	Exon 4 of 4	NP_001306067.1
	GDF5-AS1	NR_161326.1		n.500C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 2

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GDF5	ENST00000374369.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1199G>A	p.Cys400Tyr	missense	Exon 2 of 2	ENSP00000363489.3
	GDF5	ENST00000374372.1	TSL:1	c.1199G>A	p.Cys400Tyr	missense	Exon 4 of 4	ENSP00000363492.1
	GDF5-AS1	ENST00000374375.1	TSL:2	n.500C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Grebe syndrome Pathogenic:2

Sep 01, 1997

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

Aug 21, 2024

3billion

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The variant is not observed in the gnomAD v4.0.0 dataset. Predicted Consequence/Location: Missense variant Functional studies provide supporting evidence of the variant having a damaging effect on the gene or gene product (PMID: 9288098). In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product [REVEL: 0.99 (>=0.6, sensitivity 0.68 and specificity 0.92); 3Cnet: 0.84 (>=0.6, sensitivity 0.72 and precision 0.9)]. The same nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid change has been previously reported to be associated with GDF5 related disorder (ClinVar ID: VCV000008379 /PMID: 9288098).The variant has been reported to co-segregate with the disease in at least one similarly affected relative/individual in the same family or similarly affected unrelated family (PMID: 9288098). Therefore, this variant is classified as Likely pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline.

Brachydactyly type A1C Pathogenic:1

Dec 16, 2022

Laboratorio de Genetica e Diagnostico Molecular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

ACMG classification criteria: PS3 supporting, PM2 moderated, PP1 strong, PP3 supporting

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.54	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.54
CADD	Pathogenic	31
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.91	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.94
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.81
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.94	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.74	D
PhyloP100		5.0
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.83	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-11	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.99
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.92
MutPred		0.98		Loss of catalytic residue at K403 (P = 0.0849)
MVP		0.96
MPC		2.4
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
gMVP		0.99
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs74315387; hg19: chr20-34022014;