rs74315463

Variant names:

• chr22-50627051-C-T
• rs74315463
• NM_000487.6:c.467G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 15 ACMG points: 15P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000487.6(ARSA):​c.467G>A​(p.Gly156Asp) variant causes a missense, splice region change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000138 in 1,451,526 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G156R) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ARSA NM_000487.6 missense, splice_region
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 0.02264
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.21
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

ARSA (HGNC:713): (arylsulfatase A) The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes cerebroside sulfate to cerebroside and sulfate. Defects in this gene lead to metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD), a progressive demyelination disease which results in a variety of neurological symptoms and ultimately death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

ARSA Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• metachromatic leukodystrophy

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: Myriad Women’s Health, ClinGen
• metachromatic leukodystrophy, juvenile form

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Genomics England PanelApp

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 15 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 10 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 16 uncertain in NM_000487.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 159 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 11 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.38013 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.56919 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to metachromatic leukodystrophy, juvenile form, metachromatic leukodystrophy.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.843
• PP5: Variant 22-50627051-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr22-50627051-C-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 3066.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ARSA	NM_000487.6	c.467G>A	p.Gly156Asp	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	Exon 3 of 8	ENST00000216124.10	NP_000478.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ARSA	ENST00000216124.10	c.467G>A	p.Gly156Asp	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	Exon 3 of 8	1	NM_000487.6	ENSP00000216124.5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000138 AC: 2 AN: 1451526 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000278 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 720544

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33306

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44440

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 25854

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39460

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 85972

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 51158

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5740

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000181 AC: 2 AN: 1105762

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 59834

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Metachromatic leukodystrophy Pathogenic:5

Feb 06, 2025

Natera, Inc.

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 20, 2025

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Criteria applied: PM2,PM3,PM5,PP3,PP4 -

Jan 01, 1994

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Dec 20, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Tolerated"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Gly156 amino acid residue in ARSA. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with ARSA-related conditions (PMID: 30057904), which suggests that this may be a clinically significant amino acid residue. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 3066). This variant is also known as p.Gly154Asp. This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with metachromatic leukodystrophy (PMID: 31922587). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, at codon 156 of the ARSA protein (p.Gly156Asp). -

Jul 29, 2021

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.89
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.50	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.48
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.22	T;T;T;.;T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.32
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.36
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.89	.;.;.;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.42	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.84	D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.77	D
PhyloP100		7.2
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.86	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.43	N;N;N;N;N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.73
Sift	Benign	0.89	T;T;T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.95	T;T;T;T;T
Vest4		0.86
MVP		0.96
ClinPred		0.96	D
GERP RS		4.2
gMVP		0.94
Mutation Taster		=1/99	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Benign	0.023
dbscSNV1_RF	Benign	0.15
SpliceAI score (max)		0.090		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs74315463; hg19: chr22-51065479;