rs747681609

Positions:

chr18-60371856-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_005912.3(MC4R):c.494G>A(p.Arg165Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000316 in 1,613,994 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R165W) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000034 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MC4R
NM_005912.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.91

Variant links:

Genes affected

MC4R (HGNC:6932): (melanocortin 4 receptor) The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound receptor and member of the melanocortin receptor family. The encoded protein interacts with adrenocorticotropic and MSH hormones and is mediated by G proteins. This is an intronless gene. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

MC4R links:

(HGNC:):

links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 2 uncertain in NM_005912.3

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr18-60371857-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1284736.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.987

PP5

Variant 18-60371856-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr18-60371856-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 327713.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MC4R	NM_005912.3 linkuse as main transcript	c.494G>A	p.Arg165Gln	missense_variant	1/1	ENST00000299766.5

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Appris
MC4R	ENST00000299766.5 linkuse as main transcript	c.494G>A	p.Arg165Gln	missense_variant	1/1	NM_005912.3	P1
	ENST00000658928.1 linkuse as main transcript	n.156+42511C>T		intron_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant
	ENST00000650201.1 linkuse as main transcript	n.113+42511C>T		intron_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152136

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000239

AC:

AN:

251310

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000294

AC XY:

AN XY:

135834

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000440

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000335

AC:

AN:

1461858

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000289

AC XY:

AN XY:

727238

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000423

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152136

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74306

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000557

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000151

ExAC

AF:

0.0000247

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Obesity

Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard	Jan 22, 2020	The p.Arg165Gln variant in MC4R has been reported in 20 individuals with Obesity, segregated with disease in 2 affected relatives from one family, (PMID: 10903343, 12646665, 15448103, 15486053, 29861388), and has been identified in 0.005441% (1/18380) of East Asian chromosomes and 0.004399% (5/113650) of European (non-Finnish) chromosomes by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org; dbSNP rs747681609). Although this variant has been seen in the general population, its frequency is low enough to be consistent with a carrier frequency. Please note that for diseases with clinical variability, or reduced penetrance, pathogenic variants may be present at a low frequency in the general population. This variant has also been reported likely pathogenic in ClinVar (Variation ID: 327713). In vitro functional studies provide some evidence that the p.Arg165Gln variant may impact expression, ligand binding, and protein activity (PMID: 12588803, 12690102, 12646665, 15486053, 20826565). However, these types of assays may not accurately represent biological function. Computational prediction tools and conservation analyses suggest that this variant may impact the protein, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. One additional likely pathogenic variant, resulting in a different amino acid change at the same position, p.Arg165Gly, has been reported in association with disease in the literature, slightly supporting that a change at this position may not be tolerated (PMID: 22106157, 24276017, 25332687). In summary, although additional studies are required to fully establish its clinical significance, this variant is likely pathogenic. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PS4, PS3_Moderate, PM2_Supporting, PM5_supporting (Richards 2015). -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Apr 28, 2017	The MC4R c.494G>A (p.Arg165Gln) variant has been reported in at least four studies in a heterozygous state in a total of 18 individuals with severe early-onset obesity, severe obesity, or juvenile onset obesity (Farooqi et al. 2000; Farooqi et al. 2003; Ma et al. 2004; Larsen et al. 2005). In one family, the p.Arg165Gln variant was detected in both the affected father and affected son. The p.Arg165Gln variant was absent from 2,070 control alleles but is reported at a frequency of 0.00005 in the European (non-Finnish) population of the Exome Aggregation Consortium. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that the p.Arg165Gln variant was expressed but defective in trafficking to the cell surface and was retained intracellularly. The variant was also shown to have impaired ligand-stimulated ERK 1/2 activation, a partial cAMP response when stimulated with alpha-MSH, and to exhibit a 17-fold decrease in affinity to NDP-MSH as a result of a markedly reduced ligand binding capacity (Nijenhuis et al. 2003; Yeo et al. 2003; He et al. 2014). The Arg165 residue is conserved across thirty species (Staubert et al. 2007). Based on the evidence, the p.Arg165Gln variant is classified as pathogenic for obesity. This variant was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. -

Obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Sep 26, 2018

The p.Arg165Gln variant in MC4R has been reported in >15 individuals with severe obesity and segregated with disease in one affected relative (Farooqi 2003, Ma 2004, Larsen 2005). This variant has been identified in 6/111582 of European chromosomes by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/) and is reported in ClinVar (Variation ID: 327713). In vitro functional studies provide some evidence that the p.Arg165Gln variant may impact protein function (Nijenhuis 2003, Farooqi 2003, Larsen 2005, Xiang 2006, Thearle 2012); however, these types of assays may not accurately represent biological function. Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggest that the p.Arg165Gln variant may impact the protein, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. In summary, although additional studies are required to fully establish its clinical significance, the p.Arg165Gln variant is likely pathogenic. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PS4, PP3, PS3_Supporting, PM2_Supporting. -

BODY MASS INDEX QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS 20

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

MGZ Medical Genetics Center

Nov 30, 2021

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Sep 05, 2023

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 165 of the MC4R protein (p.Arg165Gln). This variant is present in population databases (rs747681609, gnomAD 0.006%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with MC4R-related obesity (PMID: 10903343, 12646665, 15486053, 18835933, 33889637). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 327713). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MC4R protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects MC4R function (PMID: 12588803, 12690102, 15486053, 16752916, 24276017, 31002796). This variant disrupts the p.Arg165 amino acid residue in MC4R. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 10903341, 12690102, 16752916). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

MC4R-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Apr 17, 2024

The MC4R c.494G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Arg165Gln. This variant was previously reported in the heterozygous state in numerous individuals with severe obesity, although one individual was reported to be normal weight (BMI = 24.1kg/m2) (Farooqi et al. 2000. PubMed ID: 10903343; Farooqi et al. 2003. PubMed ID: 12646665; Ma et al. 2004. PubMed ID: 15448103; Larsen et al. 2005. PubMed ID: 15486053; Logan et al. 2016. PubMed ID: 26788538). This variant is reported in 0.0054% of alleles in individuals of East Asian descent in gnomAD. In vitro analysis of the p.Arg165Gln change demonstrated impaired function of the p.Arg165Gln variant protein, including high levels of intracellular retention compared to wild type and reduced binding to NDP-αMSH (Farooqi et al. 2003. PubMed ID: 12646665; Larsen et al. 2005. PubMed ID: 15486053; René et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20826565). In summary, we classify this variant as likely pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.25

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.17

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.18

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.71

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.0

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.98

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

1.0

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.22

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

MetaSVM

Uncertain

-0.084

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.7

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.55

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.5

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.67

Sift

Uncertain

0.0010

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0050

Polyphen

1.0

Vest4

0.96

MutPred

0.95

Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0916);

MVP

0.86

MPC

0.046

ClinPred

0.99

GERP RS

5.8

Varity_R

0.90

gMVP

0.92

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over