rs754143671

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -6 ACMG points: 0P and 6B. BP4_ModerateBS2

The NM_174936.4(PCSK9):c.314G>A(p.Arg105Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000719 in 1,614,088 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 13/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R105W) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000053 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000074 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PCSK9
NM_174936.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:7

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.87

Variant links:

Genes affected

PCSK9 (HGNC:20001): (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an autocatalytic processing event with its prosegment in the ER and is constitutively secreted as an inactive protease into the extracellular matrix and trans-Golgi network. It is expressed in liver, intestine and kidney tissues and escorts specific receptors for lysosomal degradation. It plays a role in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

PCSK9 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -6 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.2195966).

BS2

High AC in GnomAd at 8 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PCSK9	NM_174936.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.314G>A	p.Arg105Gln	missense_variant	2/12	ENST00000302118.5

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PCSK9	ENST00000302118.5 linkuse as main transcript	c.314G>A	p.Arg105Gln	missense_variant	2/12	1	NM_174936.4	P2	Q8NBP7-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000526

AC:

AN:

152218

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.000193

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000882

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000358

AC:

AN:

251354

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000442

AC XY:

AN XY:

135894

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.000131

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000352

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000163

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000739

AC:

108

AN:

1461870

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000660

AC XY:

AN XY:

727234

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.000139

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000827

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000497

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000526

AC:

AN:

152218

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000538

AC XY:

AN XY:

74362

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.000193

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000882

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000557

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000264

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000259

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000165

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, 3

Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health	Dec 13, 2023	This missense variant replaces arginine with glutamine at codon 105 of the PCSK9 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in an individual affected with premature coronary heart disease (PMID: 23535506). The proband and other heterozygous carriers from the family showed lower total cholesterol levels than non-carriers. This variant has been identified in 12/282734 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Apr 08, 2022	This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 105 of the PCSK9 protein (p.Arg105Gln). This variant is present in population databases (rs754143671, gnomAD 0.02%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PCSK9-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 548107). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PCSK9 protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Sep 22, 2021	- -

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Robarts Research Institute, Western University

Jan 02, 2018

- -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Aug 03, 2023

In the published literature, this variant has been reported in affected individuals and families with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 23535506 (2013)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.00013 (4/30614 chromosomes in South Asian subpopulation (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is higher than would generally be expected for pathogenic variants in this gene. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded conflicting predictions that this variant is deleterious or benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Cardiovascular phenotype

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Jul 28, 2021

The p.R105Q variant (also known as c.314G>A), located in coding exon 2 of the PCSK9 gene, results from a G to A substitution at nucleotide position 314. The arginine at codon 105 is replaced by glutamine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This alteration has been reported in a familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) cohort; however, diagnostic criteria was not met for the individuals with this alteration (Ahmed W et al. Clin Chim Acta, 2013 Jun;421:219-25). This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species, and glutamine is the reference amino acid in other vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Nov 17, 2022

This missense variant replaces arginine with glutamine at codon 105 of the PCSK9 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in an individual affected with premature coronary heart disease (PMID: 23535506). The proband and other heterozygous carriers from the family showed lower total cholesterol levels than non-carriers. This variant has been identified in 12/282734 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.085

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.093

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.11

Cadd

Benign

Dann

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.084

Eigen

Benign

-0.29

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.25

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.68

LIST_S2

Benign

0.79

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.16

MetaRNN

Benign

0.22

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.5

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

D;N;N

PrimateAI

Benign

0.31

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.44

REVEL

Uncertain

0.31

Sift

Benign

0.17

Sift4G

Benign

0.22

Polyphen

0.67

Vest4

0.17

MutPred

0.43

Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0352);

MVP

0.80

MPC

0.29

ClinPred

0.13

GERP RS

2.2

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Varity_R

0.19

gMVP

0.46

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over