rs760768093

Variant names:

• chr2-178533254-TC-T
• rs760768093
• NM_001267550.2:c.103360delG

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PVS1 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001267550.2(TTN):​c.103360delG​(p.Glu34454AsnfsTer3) variant causes a frameshift change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000161 in 1,613,862 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000016 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TTN NM_001267550.2 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:15 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.88
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

TTN (HGNC:12403): (titin) This gene encodes a large abundant protein of striated muscle. The product of this gene is divided into two regions, a N-terminal I-band and a C-terminal A-band. The I-band, which is the elastic part of the molecule, contains two regions of tandem immunoglobulin domains on either side of a PEVK region that is rich in proline, glutamate, valine and lysine. The A-band, which is thought to act as a protein-ruler, contains a mixture of immunoglobulin and fibronectin repeats, and possesses kinase activity. An N-terminal Z-disc region and a C-terminal M-line region bind to the Z-line and M-line of the sarcomere, respectively, so that a single titin molecule spans half the length of a sarcomere. Titin also contains binding sites for muscle associated proteins so it serves as an adhesion template for the assembly of contractile machinery in muscle cells. It has also been identified as a structural protein for chromosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Considerable variability exists in the I-band, the M-line and the Z-disc regions of titin. Variability in the I-band region contributes to the differences in elasticity of different titin isoforms and, therefore, to the differences in elasticity of different muscle types. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9, and autoantibodies to titin are produced in patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

TTN-AS1 (HGNC:44124): (TTN antisense RNA 1) This gene encodes a non-coding RNA transcribed from the opposite strand to the titin gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PP5: Variant 2-178533254-TC-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-178533254-TC-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 374145.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TTN	NM_001267550.2	c.103360delG	p.Glu34454AsnfsTer3	frameshift_variant	Exon 358 of 363	ENST00000589042.5	NP_001254479.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TTN	ENST00000589042.5	c.103360delG	p.Glu34454AsnfsTer3	frameshift_variant	Exon 358 of 363	5	NM_001267550.2	ENSP00000467141.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152184 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000294

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000241 AC: 6 AN: 248640 AF XY: 0.0000222

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.0000464

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000445

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000164 AC: 24 AN: 1461678 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 39 AF XY: 0.0000165 AC XY: 12 AN XY: 727124

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33478

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44720

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39698

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86258

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.0000562 AC: 3 AN: 53400

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000189 AC: 21 AN: 1111846

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60374

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152184 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74342

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41448

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15280

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5182

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4832

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10614

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000294 AC: 2 AN: 68040

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2090

Alfa AF: 0.0000727 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000151

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:15 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:6 Uncertain:1

Nov 30, 2017

Blueprint Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oct 12, 2021

AiLife Diagnostics, AiLife Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Nov 01, 2023

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

TTN: PVS1:Strong, PM2, PS4:Moderate -

Dec 07, 2021

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Apr 29, 2022

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Frameshift variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Located in the M-line region of TTN, in which the majority of loss of function variants have been associated with autosomal recessive titinopathies (Carmignac et al., 2007); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 28295036, 32778822, 32528171, 34106991, 34540771) -

Nov 19, 2021

Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: flagged submission

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Feb 16, 2025

Laboratory of Genetics, Children's Clinical University Hospital Latvia

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J Pathogenic:2

Feb 23, 2023

3billion

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.002%). This variant was predicted to result in a loss or disruption of normal protein function through nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) or protein truncation. Multiple pathogenic variants are reported downstream of the variant. The variant has been reported at least twice as pathogenic without evidence for the classification (ClinVar ID: VCV000374145). Therefore, this variant is classified as Pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -

Dec 03, 2018

Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

The heterozygous p.Glu34454AsnfsTer3 variant in TTN was identified by our study in one individual in the compound heterozygous state, with another pathogenic variant, in one individual with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). The presence of this variant in combination with a pathogenic variant and in an individual with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) increases the likelihood that the p.Glu34454AsnfsTer3 variant is pathogenic. This variant has been identified in 0.002170% (6/276492) of chromosomes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org; dbSNP rs760768093). Although this variant has been seen in the general population, its frequency is low enough to be consistent with a recessive carrier frequency. This nonsense variant leads to a premature termination codon at position 34454, which is predicted to lead to a truncated or absent protein. Loss of function of the TTN gene is an established disease mechanism in autosomal recessive LGMD. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic forLGMD in an autosomal recessive manner based on the predicted impact of the variant and the presence of a pathogenic variant in an individual with LGMD. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PM2, PVS1, PM3 (Richards 2015). -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J;C1858763:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Pathogenic:1

Oct 30, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Glu34454Asnfs*3) in the TTN gene. While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to create a truncated TTN protein. This variant is present in population databases (rs760768093, gnomAD 0.004%). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individuals with autosomal recessive distal myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and/or left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (PMID: 28295036, 34540771, 35653365). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 374145). This variant is located in the M band of TTN (PMID: 25589632). Truncating variants in this region have been previously reported in individuals affected with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive myopathy and muscular dystrophy (PMID: 18948003, 23975875, 24395473). Truncating variants in this region have also been identified in individuals affected with autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy and/or cardio-related conditions (PMID: 27869827, 32964742, internal data). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9 Pathogenic:1

Jan 01, 2019

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Muscular dystrophy;C0231712:Waddling gait;C0686353:Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy;C1836767:Proximal lower limb amyotrophy;C3277184:Decreased patellar reflex Pathogenic:1

Feb 04, 2015

Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy Pathogenic:1

-

Klaassen Lab, Charite University Medicine Berlin

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

Tibial muscular dystrophy Pathogenic:1

Feb 20, 2019

Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was classified as: Pathogenic. The following ACMG criteria were applied in classifying this variant: PVS1,PM2,PP5. -

Primary dilated cardiomyopathy Pathogenic:1

Dec 31, 2022

Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

May 05, 2023

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The c.76165delG pathogenic mutation, located in coding exon 185 of the TTN gene, results from a deletion of one nucleotide at nucleotide position 76165, causing a translational frameshift with a predicted alternate stop codon (p.E25389Nfs*3).This exon is located in the M-band region of the N2-B isoform of the titin protein and is constitutively expressed in TTN transcripts (percent spliced in or PSI 100%). This alteration (referred to as c.103360delG, p.Glu34454AsnfsTer3) has been detected in the compound heterozygous state with a TTN nonsense variant located in the M-band region in three individuals with distal skeletal myopathy from a Serbian cohort, and a common ancestor was suggested (Peri S et al. Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 2017 05;25:572-581). This alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. While truncating variants in TTN are present in 1-3% of the general population, truncating variants in the M-band have been reported in association with autosomal recessive titinopathies, primarily presenting with skeletal myopathy phenotypes (Ceyhan-Birsoy O et al. Neurology. 2013 Oct 1;81(14):1205-14; De Cid R et al. Neurology. 2015;85(24):2126-35). In addition, regardless of their position, TTN truncating variants encoded in constitutive exons (PSI >90%) have been found to be significantly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), though truncating variants in the A-band are the most common cause of DCM (Herman DS et al. N. Engl. J. Med., 2012 Feb;366:619-28; Roberts AM et al. Sci Transl Med, 2015 Jan;7:270ra6; Schafer S et al. Nat. Genet., 2017 01;49:46-53). Based on the majority of available evidence to date, this variant is pathogenic in association with autosomal recessive titinopathy; however, the clinical significance of this alteration with respect to cardiomyopathy remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
PhyloP100		7.9
Mutation Taster		=0/200	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs760768093; hg19: chr2-179397981;