rs765175665

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.2971G>T(p.Val991Phe) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000743 in 1,614,056 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 13/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. V991G) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000075 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:8

Conservation

PhyloP100: -1.56

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 links:

(HGNC:):

links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.22278431).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.2971G>T	p.Val991Phe	missense_variant	9/13	ENST00000261584.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.2971G>T	p.Val991Phe	missense_variant	9/13	1	NM_024675.4	P1
	ENST00000561764.1 linkuse as main transcript	n.420-906C>A		intron_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant		2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251468

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

135910

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000752

AC:

AN:

1461884

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000550

AC XY:

AN XY:

727242

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000989

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

74342

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Bravo

AF:

0.00000378

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000270

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology	Oct 28, 2020	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Jan 21, 2024	This sequence change replaces valine, which is neutral and non-polar, with phenylalanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 991 of the PALB2 protein (p.Val991Phe). This variant is present in population databases (rs765175665, gnomAD 0.0009%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 231886). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on PALB2 protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Jul 28, 2023	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Oct 07, 2021	The p.V991F variant (also known as c.2971G>T), located in coding exon 9 of the PALB2 gene, results from a G to T substitution at nucleotide position 2971. The valine at codon 991 is replaced by phenylalanine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This alteration has been reported in at least one breast cancer patient in a study of 13087 breast cancer cases and 5488 control individuals in the UK (Decker B et al. J Med Genet, 2017 11;54:732-741). This amino acid position is poorly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Dec 08, 2020	This missense variant replaces valine with phenylalanine at codon 991 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction is inconclusive regarding the impact of this variant on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold 0.5 < inconclusive < 0.7, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in individuals affected with breast or ovarian cancer (PMID: 28779002). This variant has been identified in 1/251468 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

May 24, 2021

Variant summary: PALB2 c.2971G>T (p.Val991Phe) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the WD40 domain (IPR031920) of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 251468 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.2971G>T in individuals affected with Breast Cancer and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. Five clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Carcinoma of colon

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided

curation

Leiden Open Variation Database

Jan 31, 2017

Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Melissa DeRycke. -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Mar 09, 2015

This variant is denoted PALB2 c.2971G>T at the cDNA level, p.Val991Phe (V991F) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Valine to a Phenylalanine (GTC>TTC). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. PALB2 Val991Phe was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. Since Valine and Phenylalanine differ in some properties, this is considered a semi-conservative amino acid substitution. PALB2 Val991Phe occurs at a position that is not conserved across species and is located within the third WD repeat region, the region required for interaction with POLH and POLH DNA synthesis stimulation, and the region that interacts with RAD51 and BRCA2 (UniProt). In silico analyses are inconsistent regarding the effect this variant may have on protein structure and function. Based on currently available information, it is unclear whether PALB2 Val991Phe is pathogenic or benign. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.20

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.15

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.46

Cadd

Benign

Dann

Uncertain

0.99

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.026

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.90

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.2

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.034

LIST_S2

Benign

0.80

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.072

MetaRNN

Benign

0.22

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.76

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

PrimateAI

Benign

0.34

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-2.5

N;N

Sift

Uncertain

0.011

D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.036

D;D

Polyphen

0.99

.;D

Vest4

0.54

MVP

0.14

MPC

0.31

ClinPred

0.51

GERP RS

-11

Varity_R

0.45

gMVP

0.57

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.080

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over