rs774518779

Positions:

• chr13-20189076-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PM1 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_004004.6(GJB2):​c.506G>A​(p.Cys169Tyr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000041 in 1,461,760 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GJB2 NM_004004.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.86

Genes affected

GJB2 (HGNC:4284): (gap junction protein beta 2) This gene encodes a member of the gap junction protein family. The gap junctions were first characterized by electron microscopy as regionally specialized structures on plasma membranes of contacting adherent cells. These structures were shown to consist of cell-to-cell channels that facilitate the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells. The gap junction proteins, also known as connexins, purified from fractions of enriched gap junctions from different tissues differ. According to sequence similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, the gap junction proteins are divided into two categories, alpha and beta. Mutations in this gene are responsible for as much as 50% of pre-lingual, recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Gap junction beta-2 protein (size 225) in uniprot entity CXB2_HUMAN there are 70 pathogenic changes around while only 16 benign (81%) in NM_004004.6
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.991
• PP5: Variant 13-20189076-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr13-20189076-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 265481.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GJB2	NM_004004.6	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	2/2	ENST00000382848.5	NP_003995.2
GJB2	XM_011535049.3	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	2/2		XP_011533351.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GJB2	ENST00000382848.5	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	2/2	1	NM_004004.6	ENSP00000372299.4
GJB2	ENST00000382844.2	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	1/1	6		ENSP00000372295.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000797 AC: 2 AN: 251060 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 135736

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000410 AC: 6 AN: 1461760 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727166

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.0000375

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetic Diagnostics Department, Viafet Genomics Laboratory	Aug 23, 2021	As part of Carrier Screening testing performed at Viafet Genomics Laboratory, this variant was identified in a heterozygous state in 2 family members who are not affected with this condition. This variant has been identified in a homozygous state in several patients affected with hearing loss (PMIDs: 24551843 and 25628337). In addition, functional studies have revealed that this variant fails to form junctional channels in vitro despite being correctly targeted to the plasma membrane (PMID: 25628337). -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Sep 16, 2020	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jun 20, 2017	Variant summary: The GJB2 c.506G>A (p.Cys169Tyr) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. "Cys169 is one of the six extracellular cysteine residues which are conserved in all connexin isoforms. These six cysteines form three disulfide bridges, which are likely to play an important role in guiding the correct folding of the connexin protein and the docking of the two hexameric hemichannels in the extracellular region" via Zonta_2015. 4/4 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome. A functional study, Zonta_2015 supports these predictions and showed that the variant "At the cellular level, our results show that the mutant protein fails to form junctional channels in HeLa transfectants despite being correctly targeted to the plasma membrane. At the molecular level, this effect can be accounted for by disruption of the disulfide bridge that Cys169 forms with Cys64 in the wild-type structure (Cx26WT)." This variant was found in 2/121012 control chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0000165, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic GJB2 variant (0.025). Multiple publications have cited the variant in homozygous affected individuals, in addition a heterozygous affected individual, which a second mutation was not indicated to have been found. In addition, multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic. -
Uncertain significance, flagged submission	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center	Mar 26, 2024	- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Jun 17, 2022

Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect as the p.(C169Y) variant results in disruption of junction channel formation, and disrupts the disulfide bridge that typically forms between the C169 and C64 residues (Zonta et al., 2015); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 24551843, 25388846, 15365987, 34354426, 22103400, 25628337) -

Autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome;C0265964:Mutilating keratoderma;C0266004:Knuckle pads, deafness AND leukonychia syndrome;C1835672:Palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome;C1844678:X-linked mixed hearing loss with perilymphatic gusher;C1865234:Ichthyosis, hystrix-like, with hearing loss;C2673759:Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A;C2675750:Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 3A Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Oct 31, 2018

- -

Rare genetic deafness Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Jun 23, 2022

The p.Cys169Tyr variant in GJB2 has been reported in three homozygous and two heterozygous individuals with hearing loss and segregated with disease in seven affected individuals from three families (Zonta 2015 PMID: 25628337, Birkenhäger 2014 PMID: 24551843, Azaiez 2004 PMID: 15365987, Mahfood 2021 PMID: 34354426). It has also been identified in 0.00176% (2/113464) of European chromosomes by gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org) and reported in ClinVar (Variation ID 265481). Computational prediction tools and conservation analyses suggest that this variant may impact the protein, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. This variant disrupts one of six conserved cysteine residues that form intramolecular disulfide bonds and are critical for intercellular channel formation (Zonta 2015 PMID: 25628337, Birkenhäger 2014 PMID: 24551843, Dahl 1991 PMID: 1707811). In vitro functional studies provide some evidence that this variant impacts protein function by obliterating the formation of gap junction plaques at points of cell-to-cell contact (Zonta 2015 PMID: 25628337); however, these types of assays may not accurately represent biological function. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for autosomal recessive hearing loss. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PP1_Strong; PM1; PM3; PM2_Supporting; PP3; PS3_Supporting. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.56	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.58
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D;D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.88
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.72
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	.;.;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.75	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.98	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.2	H;H;H
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.84	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-11	D;D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.92
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;.
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;.
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;D
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.82		Loss of methylation at K168 (P = 0.0255);Loss of methylation at K168 (P = 0.0255);Loss of methylation at K168 (P = 0.0255);
MVP		0.84
MPC		0.34
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.7
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		0.99

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs774518779; hg19: chr13-20763215;