rs774518779

Variant names:

• chr13-20189076-C-T
• rs774518779
• NM_004004.6:c.506G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM1 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_004004.6(GJB2):​c.506G>A​(p.Cys169Tyr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000041 in 1,461,760 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. C169R) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GJB2 NM_004004.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.86
• Publications: 18 publications found

Genes affected

GJB2 (HGNC:4284): (gap junction protein beta 2) This gene encodes a member of the gap junction protein family. The gap junctions were first characterized by electron microscopy as regionally specialized structures on plasma membranes of contacting adherent cells. These structures were shown to consist of cell-to-cell channels that facilitate the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells. The gap junction proteins, also known as connexins, purified from fractions of enriched gap junctions from different tissues differ. According to sequence similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, the gap junction proteins are divided into two categories, alpha and beta. Mutations in this gene are responsible for as much as 50% of pre-lingual, recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

GJB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Bart-Pumphrey syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
• ichthyosis, hystrix-like, with hearing loss

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Genomics England PanelApp
• keratoderma hereditarium mutilans

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Genomics England PanelApp, G2P
• palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet, G2P
• autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, G2P, PanelApp Australia
• hearing loss, autosomal recessive

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
• autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics
• autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 3A

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• KID syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ENSG00000296095 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 2 benign, 9 uncertain in NM_004004.6
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr13-20189077-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1064641.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 111 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 10 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: -0.72044 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.4379 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A, ichthyosis, hystrix-like, with hearing loss, keratoderma hereditarium mutilans, hearing loss, autosomal recessive, Bart-Pumphrey syndrome, palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome, autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 3A, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, KID syndrome.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.991
• PP5: Variant 13-20189076-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr13-20189076-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 265481.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GJB2	NM_004004.6	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 2	ENST00000382848.5	NP_003995.2
GJB2	XM_011535049.3	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 2		XP_011533351.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GJB2	ENST00000382848.5	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 2	1	NM_004004.6	ENSP00000372299.4
GJB2	ENST00000382844.2	c.506G>A	p.Cys169Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 1	6		ENSP00000372295.1
ENSG00000296095	ENST00000736390.1	n.232-3496G>A		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000797 AC: 2 AN: 251060 AF XY: 0.00

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000410 AC: 6 AN: 1461760 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727166

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39698

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86258

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.0000375 AC: 2 AN: 53304

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.000520 AC: 3 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1112000

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000166 AC: 1 AN: 60392

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:1

Mar 26, 2024

Genomic Medicine Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: flagged submission

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jun 20, 2017

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: The GJB2 c.506G>A (p.Cys169Tyr) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. "Cys169 is one of the six extracellular cysteine residues which are conserved in all connexin isoforms. These six cysteines form three disulfide bridges, which are likely to play an important role in guiding the correct folding of the connexin protein and the docking of the two hexameric hemichannels in the extracellular region" via Zonta_2015. 4/4 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome. A functional study, Zonta_2015 supports these predictions and showed that the variant "At the cellular level, our results show that the mutant protein fails to form junctional channels in HeLa transfectants despite being correctly targeted to the plasma membrane. At the molecular level, this effect can be accounted for by disruption of the disulfide bridge that Cys169 forms with Cys64 in the wild-type structure (Cx26WT)." This variant was found in 2/121012 control chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0000165, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic GJB2 variant (0.025). Multiple publications have cited the variant in homozygous affected individuals, in addition a heterozygous affected individual, which a second mutation was not indicated to have been found. In addition, multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic. -

Aug 23, 2021

Genetic Diagnostics Department, Viafet Genomics Laboratory

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

As part of Carrier Screening testing performed at Viafet Genomics Laboratory, this variant was identified in a heterozygous state in 2 family members who are not affected with this condition. This variant has been identified in a homozygous state in several patients affected with hearing loss (PMIDs: 24551843 and 25628337). In addition, functional studies have revealed that this variant fails to form junctional channels in vitro despite being correctly targeted to the plasma membrane (PMID: 25628337). -

Sep 16, 2020

Natera, Inc.

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Jun 17, 2022

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect as the p.(C169Y) variant results in disruption of junction channel formation, and disrupts the disulfide bridge that typically forms between the C169 and C64 residues (Zonta et al., 2015); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 24551843, 25388846, 15365987, 34354426, 22103400, 25628337) -

Autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome;C0265964:Mutilating keratoderma;C0266004:Knuckle pads, deafness AND leukonychia syndrome;C1835672:Palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome;C1844678:X-linked mixed hearing loss with perilymphatic gusher;C1865234:Ichthyosis, hystrix-like, with hearing loss;C2673759:Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A;C2675750:Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 3A Pathogenic:1

Oct 31, 2018

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Rare genetic deafness Pathogenic:1

Jun 23, 2022

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.Cys169Tyr variant in GJB2 has been reported in three homozygous and two heterozygous individuals with hearing loss and segregated with disease in seven affected individuals from three families (Zonta 2015 PMID: 25628337, Birkenhäger 2014 PMID: 24551843, Azaiez 2004 PMID: 15365987, Mahfood 2021 PMID: 34354426). It has also been identified in 0.00176% (2/113464) of European chromosomes by gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org) and reported in ClinVar (Variation ID 265481). Computational prediction tools and conservation analyses suggest that this variant may impact the protein, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. This variant disrupts one of six conserved cysteine residues that form intramolecular disulfide bonds and are critical for intercellular channel formation (Zonta 2015 PMID: 25628337, Birkenhäger 2014 PMID: 24551843, Dahl 1991 PMID: 1707811). In vitro functional studies provide some evidence that this variant impacts protein function by obliterating the formation of gap junction plaques at points of cell-to-cell contact (Zonta 2015 PMID: 25628337); however, these types of assays may not accurately represent biological function. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for autosomal recessive hearing loss. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PP1_Strong; PM1; PM3; PM2_Supporting; PP3; PS3_Supporting. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.56	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.58
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D;D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.88
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.72
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	.;.;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.75	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.98	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.2	H;H;H
PhyloP100		7.9
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.84	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-11	D;D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.92
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;.
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;.
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;D
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.82		Loss of methylation at K168 (P = 0.0255);Loss of methylation at K168 (P = 0.0255);Loss of methylation at K168 (P = 0.0255);
MVP		0.84
MPC		0.34
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.7
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		0.99
Mutation Taster		=5/95	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs774518779; hg19: chr13-20763215;