rs780441716

Positions:

• chr21-37490201-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001347721.2(DYRK1A):​c.664C>T​(p.Arg222*) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000685 in 1,460,850 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 30)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: DYRK1A NM_001347721.2 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.19

Genes affected

DYRK1A (HGNC:3091): (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A) This gene encodes a member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. This member contains a nuclear targeting signal sequence, a protein kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif, and a highly conservative 13-consecutive-histidine repeat. It catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. This gene is a homolog of Drosophila mnb (minibrain) gene and rat Dyrk gene. It is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21, and is considered to be a strong candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or in the 3' coding region. These variants encode at least five different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DYRK1A (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 21-37490201-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr21-37490201-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 423502.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr21-37490201-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
DYRK1A	NM_001347721.2	c.664C>T	p.Arg222*	stop_gained	7/12	ENST00000647188.2	NP_001334650.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
DYRK1A	ENST00000647188.2	c.664C>T	p.Arg222*	stop_gained	7/12		NM_001347721.2	ENSP00000494572.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 30

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000399 AC: 1 AN: 250686 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000738 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135490

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000882

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.85e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1460850 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 726650

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 9.00e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 30

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome Pathogenic:3

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jul 07, 2023	This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Arg231*) in the DYRK1A gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in DYRK1A are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 25944381). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with a neurodevelopmental disorder and multiple congenital anomalies (PMID: 28053047). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 423502). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may create or strengthen a splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Neuberg Centre For Genomic Medicine, NCGM	-	The stop-gained variant c.664C>T (p.Arg222Ter) in DYRK1A has been reported previously as a de novo variant in an individual (Fitzgerald et al., 2015). This variant has been reported to the ClinVar database as Pathogenic. The c.664C>T variant is reported with allele frequency 0.0004% in gnomAD exomes and novel in 1000 Genomes. The nucleotide change c.664C>T in DYRK1A is predicted as conserved by GERP++ and PhyloP across 100 vertebrates. This variant is predicted to cause loss of normal protein function. Loss of function variants have been previously reported to be disease causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic . -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Apr 06, 2018	The DYRK1A c.691C>T (p.Arg231Ter) stop gained variant has been reported in a de novo heterozygous state in two individuals with the key features of DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome, including intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, and characteristic dysmorphic facial features (Fitzgerald et al. 2015; Valencia et al. 2015; Evers et al. 2017). At least one of the two also showed cardiac defect, ophthalmological abnormality, poor weight gain, delayed speech development, and short stature. The p.Arg231Ter variant is not present in the Genome Aggregation Database. Functional studies of the variant have not been conducted, but it is predicted to produce an absent or severely truncated protein product, including loss of more than half of the protein kinase domain. Based on the collective evidence, the c.691C>T p.Arg231Ter variant is classified as pathogenic for DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome. -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 15, 2022	Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25533962, 28053047, 28135719, 30564305, 33562844, 31785789, 33004838) -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital	Oct 19, 2016	- -

Inborn genetic diseases Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Oct 08, 2015

- -

Complex neurodevelopmental disorder Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

provider interpretation

GenomeConnect - Simons Searchlight

Nov 18, 2016

Submission from Simons Searchlight facilitated by GenomeConnect. Variant interpreted by the Simons Searchlight team most recently on 2016-11-18 and interpreted as Pathogenic. Variant was initially reported on 2016-10-20 by GTR ID of laboratory name 1238. The reporting laboratory might also submit to ClinVar. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.53	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.53
CADD	Pathogenic	53
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.86
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.75
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.91	D
Vest4		0.87, 0.95, 0.97
GERP RS		5.6
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.22		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.22		Position offset: 19

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs780441716; hg19: chr21-38862503; COSMIC: COSV58295398; COSMIC: COSV58295398;