rs876657717

Positions:

• chr2-222232202-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_181458.4(PAX3):​c.668G>A​(p.Arg223Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000684 in 1,461,794 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PAX3 NM_181458.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.91

Genes affected

PAX3 (HGNC:8617): (paired box 3) This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of the PAX family typically contain a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development. Mutations in paired box gene 3 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome, craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14), which represents a fusion between PAX3 and the forkhead gene, is a frequent finding in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Alternative splicing results in transcripts encoding isoforms with different C-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a DNA_binding_region Homeobox (size 59) in uniprot entity PAX3_HUMAN there are 27 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_181458.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.978
• PP5: Variant 2-222232202-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-222232202-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 228387.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr2-222232202-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PAX3	NM_181458.4	c.668G>A	p.Arg223Gln	missense_variant	5/9	ENST00000392070.7	NP_852123.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PAX3	ENST00000392070.7	c.668G>A	p.Arg223Gln	missense_variant	5/9	1	NM_181458.4	ENSP00000375922	A1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251314 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135830

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.0000327

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.84e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1461794 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727204

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Oct 01, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 04, 2024	This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 223 of the PAX3 protein (p.Arg223Gln). This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.003%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with autosomal dominant Waardenburg syndrome (PMID: 9654197, 26512583, 34142234). In at least one individual the variant was observed to be de novo. It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 228387). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on PAX3 protein function. This variant disrupts the p.Arg223 amino acid residue in PAX3. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (Invitae). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Waardenburg syndrome;C5680250:Rare genetic deafness Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Sep 21, 2018

The p.Arg222Gln variant in PAX3 (also reported as c.668G>A, p.Arg223Gln) has bee n previously reported 3 individuals with Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1), and segregated with disease in >10 affected family members (Farrer 1992, DeStefano 1 998, Kim 2015, LMM unpublished data). It has been identified in 0.003% (1/30782) of South Asian chromosomes by gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). Comput ational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggest that this variant may impact the protein, and the PAX3 is constrained for missense variants, with a z score of 3.11 in ExAC (http://exac.broadinstitute.org). In summary, this varian t meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for autosomal dominant Waardenbu rg syndrome. ACMG/AMP criteria applied: PP1_Strong, PS4_Moderate, PM2_Supporting , PP2, PP3, PP4. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.49	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.56
CADD	Pathogenic	31
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	.;.;.;.;.;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.0
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.92
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.92	D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.73	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.7	H;H;H;H;.;H
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.92	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.4	D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.97
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	.;.;D;D;.;D
Vest4		0.97
MutPred		0.89		Gain of ubiquitination at K218 (P = 0.0219);Gain of ubiquitination at K218 (P = 0.0219);Gain of ubiquitination at K218 (P = 0.0219);Gain of ubiquitination at K218 (P = 0.0219);.;Gain of ubiquitination at K218 (P = 0.0219);
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.4
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.4
Varity_R		0.97
gMVP		0.79

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs876657717; hg19: chr2-223096921;