rs876657965

Variant names:

• chr3-12618597-GC-AT
• rs876657965
• NM_002880.4:c.124_125delGCinsAT

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -5 ACMG points: 3P and 8B. PM2 PP2 BP6_Very_Strong

The NM_002880.4(RAF1):​c.124_125delGCinsAT​(p.Ala42Ile) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. A42V) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: RAF1 NM_002880.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely benign reviewed by expert panel U:5 B:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.41

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -5 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the RAF1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 47 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 39 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.4628 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.4185 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Noonan syndrome 5, dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, LEOPARD syndrome 2, Costello syndrome.
• BP6: Variant 3-12618597-GC-AT is Benign according to our data. Variant chr3-12618597-GC-AT is described in ClinVar as [Likely_benign]. Clinvar id is 229175.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4	c.124_125delGCinsAT	p.Ala42Ile	missense_variant		ENST00000251849.9	NP_002871.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9	c.124_125delGCinsAT	p.Ala42Ile	missense_variant		1	NM_002880.4	ENSP00000251849.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

We have no GnomAD4 exomes data on this position. Probably position not covered by the project.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely benign

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5 Benign:4

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Apr 05, 2019

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Nov 26, 2017

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Sep 16, 2016

GeneDx

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not specified Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Nov 03, 2015

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.Ala42Ile variant in RAF1 has not been previously reported in individuals w ith a RASopathy, but has been identified by our laboratory in 1 Caucasian adult with LNVC. This variant represents two adjacent base pair changes that are prese nt on the same copy of the RAF1 gene and result in the substitution of a single alanine (Ala) residue at position 42 with an isoleucine (Ile). These are reporte d as 2 separate changes in the ExAC database (c.124G>A and c.125C>T), each prese nt in 25/66738 European chromosomes (ExAC, http://exac.broadinstitute.org; dbSNP rs115499992 and rs200856000) but have been confirmed to be present in cis (pers onal communication). Computational prediction tools and conservation analyses do not provide strong support for or against an impact to the protein. In summary, the clinical significance of the p.Ala42Ile variant is uncertain. -

Sep 05, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: RAF1 c.124_125delinsAT (p.Ala42Ile) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0003 in 277244 control chromosomes. The observed variant frequency is approximately 12-fold over the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in RAF1 causing Noonan Syndrome and Related Conditions phenotype (2.5e-05), strongly suggesting that the variant is benign. c.124_125delinsAT has been reported in the literature in an individual affected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Bottillo_2016). This report does not provide an unequivocal conclusion about association of the variant with Noonan Syndrome and Related Conditions. A co-occurrence with another pathogenic variant has been internally reported (PTPN11 c.923A>G, p.Asn308Ser), providing supporting evidence for a benign role. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Three ClinVar submissions (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign. -

RASopathy Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Jan 30, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 42 of the RAF1 protein (p.Ala42Ile). This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.03%), and has an allele count higher than expected for a pathogenic variant. This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with RAF1-related conditions (PMID: 26656175, 33500567). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 229175). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be tolerated. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Sep 24, 2019

ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: reviewed by expert panel

Collection Method: curation

The c.124_125delinsAT (p.Ala42Ile) variant in RAF1 is reported in population databases as two contiguous missense variants: c.124G>A and c.125C>T in cis in 27/64,595 (0.03%) European individuals in gnomAD. This meets the cut off set by the ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel to apply BS1. This variant has been observed in at least 22 individuals (SCV000858114.1, SCV000698121.1, SCV000272341.3, SCV000552093.5, GeneDx internal data). This variant was observed in an individual with an alternate molecular basis for disease (BP5; SCV000698121.1 ). Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggest that the p.Ala42Ile variant does not impact the protein (BP4). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as likely benign. RASopathy-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied (PMID:29493581): BS1, BP5, BP4. -

Primary familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Uncertain:1

-

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Montreal Heart Institute

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Cardiovascular phenotype Benign:1

Mar 30, 2018

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs876657965; hg19: chr3-12660096;