rs878852992

Variant names:

• chr7-19117228-C-G
• rs878852992
• NM_000474.4:c.94G>C

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr7-19117228-C-G
• chr7-19117228-C-T
• chr7-19117228-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points: 5P and 1B. PM1 PM2 PP2 BP4

The NM_000474.4(TWIST1):​c.94G>C​(p.Gly32Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G32S) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: TWIST1 NM_000474.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.109
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

TWIST1 (HGNC:12428): (twist family bHLH transcription factor 1) This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays an important role in embryonic development. The encoded protein forms both homodimers and heterodimers that bind to DNA E box sequences and regulate the transcription of genes involved in cranial suture closure during skull development. This protein may also regulate neural tube closure, limb development and brown fat metabolism. This gene is hypermethylated and overexpressed in multiple human cancers, and the encoded protein promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis, as well as metastatic recurrence. Mutations in this gene cause Saethre-Chotzen syndrome in human patients, which is characterized by craniosynostosis, ptosis and hypertelorism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

TWIST1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, Orphanet, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine
• TWIST1-related craniosynostosis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, ClinGen
• isolated brachycephaly

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• isolated plagiocephaly

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• isolated scaphocephaly

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Sweeney-Cox syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Twist-related protein 1 (size 201) in uniprot entity TWST1_HUMAN there are 40 pathogenic changes around while only 6 benign (87%) in NM_000474.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 31 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 2 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 1.057 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.22696 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, isolated brachycephaly, TWIST1-related craniosynostosis, Sweeney-Cox syndrome, isolated plagiocephaly, isolated scaphocephaly.
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.3052814).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000474.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TWIST1	NM_000474.4	MANE Select	c.94G>C	p.Gly32Arg	missense	Exon 1 of 2	NP_000465.1	Q15672
	TWIST1	NR_149001.2		n.409G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 1 of 3

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TWIST1	ENST00000242261.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.94G>C	p.Gly32Arg	missense	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000242261.5	Q15672
	TWIST1	ENST00000354571.5	TSL:2	n.-111G>C		upstream_gene	N/A	ENSP00000346582.5	H7BY00

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Uncertain significance

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	1	-	Saethre-Chotzen syndrome;C4551902:TWIST1-related craniosynostosis (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.43
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.032	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.19
CADD	Benign	19
DANN	Benign	0.93
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.32	T
Eigen	Benign	-0.55
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.50
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.12	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.61	T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.97	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.31	T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.22	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.34	N
PhyloP100		0.11
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.95	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.2	N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.32
Sift	Benign	0.18	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.068	T
Polyphen		0.59	P
Vest4		0.23
MutPred		0.28		Loss of glycosylation at S31 (P = 0.033)
MVP		0.98
MPC		1.6
ClinPred		0.17	T
GERP RS		3.7
PromoterAI		-0.024	Neutral
Varity_R		0.13
gMVP		0.23
Mutation Taster		=72/28	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs878852992; hg19: chr7-19156851;