rs878854029

Variant names:

• chr19-11131280-GAGAC-G
• rs878854029
• NM_000527.5:c.2551_2554delCAGA

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 5 ACMG points: 5P and 0B. PVS1_Moderate PM2 PP5

The NM_001195798.2(LDLR):​c.2548-3_2548delCAGA​(p.Met850fs) variant causes a frameshift, splice acceptor, splice region, intron change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. 1/1 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_001195798.2 frameshift, splice_acceptor, splice_region, intron
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:1 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.38

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 5 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product does not undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Variant is located in the 3'-most exon, not predicted to undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Fraction of 0.0113 CDS is truncated, and there are 0 pathogenic variants in the truncated region.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 19-11131280-GAGAC-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11131280-GAGAC-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 237871.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=1, Pathogenic=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.2551_2554delCAGA	p.Gln851fs	frameshift_variant	Exon 18 of 18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.2551_2554delCAGA	p.Gln851fs	frameshift_variant	Exon 18 of 18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

We have no GnomAD4 exomes data on this position. Probably position not covered by the project.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Oct 14, 2024

This sequence change results in a frameshift in the LDLR gene (p.Gln851Trpfs*77). While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to disrupt the last 10 amino acid(s) of the LDLR protein and extend the protein by 66 additional amino acid residues. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This frameshift has been observed in individuals with clinical features of familial hypercholesterolemia (internal data). Invitae Evidence Modeling of clinical and family history, age, sex, and reported ancestry of multiple individuals with this LDLR variant has been performed. This variant is expected to be pathogenic with a positive predictive value of at least 99%. This is a validated machine learning model that incorporates the clinical features of 363,995 individuals referred to our laboratory for LDLR testing. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 237871). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jan 27, 2016

This sequence change deletes 4 nucleotides from exon 18 of the LDLR mRNA (c.2551_2554delCAGA), causing a frameshift at codon 851. This leads to the substitution of the last 10 amino acids of the LDLR protein with 77 unrelated amino acids (p.Gln851Trpfs*77). While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to result in a LDLR protein with an aberrant C-terminus. Truncating sequence changes in the last exon of LDLR are not necessarily pathogenic.This particular frameshift variant has not been reported in the literature and there are no proven pathogenic variants reported in this exon. In summary, this is a novel frameshift variant with uncertain impact on protein function. It has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.98		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.96		Position offset: 5
DS_AL_spliceai		0.98		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs878854029; hg19: chr19-11241956;