rs878855178

Variant names:

• chr17-58695188-T-C
• rs878855178
• ENST00000421782.3:c.403T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Moderate PP5

The ENST00000421782.3(RAD51C):​c.403T>C​(p.Trp135Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000274 in 1,458,228 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. W135L) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RAD51C ENST00000421782.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2 U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.08
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

RAD51C (HGNC:9820): (RAD51 paralog C) This gene is a member of the RAD51 family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with other RAD51 paralogs and is reported to be important for Holliday junction resolution. Mutations in this gene are associated with Fanconi anemia-like syndrome. This gene is one of four localized to a region of chromosome 17q23 where amplification occurs frequently in breast tumors. Overexpression of the four genes during amplification has been observed and suggests a possible role in tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

RAD51C Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• Fanconi anemia complementation group O

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE, LIMITED Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, ClinGen
• hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Fanconi anemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 11 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 16 uncertain in ENST00000421782.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr17-58695189-G-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 942269.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.934
• PP5: Variant 17-58695188-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr17-58695188-T-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 241771.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: ENST00000421782.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RAD51C	NM_058216.3	MANE Select	c.403T>C	p.Cys135Arg	missense splice_region	Exon 2 of 9	NP_478123.1
	RAD51C	NM_002876.4		c.403T>C	p.Trp135Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 2	NP_002867.1
	RAD51C	NR_103872.2		n.445T>C		splice_region non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 8

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RAD51C	ENST00000421782.3	TSL:1	c.403T>C	p.Trp135Arg	missense	Exon 2 of 2	ENSP00000391450.2
	RAD51C	ENST00000337432.9	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.403T>C	p.Cys135Arg	missense splice_region	Exon 2 of 9	ENSP00000336701.4
	RAD51C	ENST00000482007.5	TSL:1	n.403T>C		splice_region non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 8	ENSP00000433332.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000405 AC: 1 AN: 247152 AF XY: 0.00000747

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000274 AC: 4 AN: 1458228 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 724914

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33372

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44398

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26050

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39636

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.0000116 AC: 1 AN: 85982

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.0000378 AC: 2 AN: 52926

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5756

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 9.01e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1109862

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60246

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Mar 29, 2019

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Jun 27, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.C135R variant (also known as c.403T>C), located in coding exon 2 of the RAD51C gene, results from a T to C substitution at nucleotide position 403. The cysteine at codon 135 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with highly dissimilar properties. This alteration has been reported in individuals with breast and ovarian cancers (Chan GHJ et al. Oncotarget, 2018 Jul;9:30649-30660; Ding YC et al. Fam Cancer, 2018 04;17:187-195). In multiple assays testing RAD51C function, this variant showed functionally abnormal results (Prakash R et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022 Sep;119:e2202727119; Olvera-León R et al. Cell, 2024 Oct;187:5719-5734.e19). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear.

Ovarian cancer Pathogenic:1

Jan 01, 2022

Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 3 Pathogenic:1

Nov 25, 2024

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered likely pathogenic. Functional studies indicate this variant impacts protein function [PMID: 39299233, 36099300]. This variant is expected to disrupt protein structure [Myriad internal data].

Fanconi anemia complementation group O Uncertain:1

Dec 07, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 135 of the RAD51C protein (p.Cys135Arg). This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.003%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer and ovarian cancer (PMID: 28864920, 30093976). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 241771). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects RAD51C function (PMID: 28864920). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.98
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.22	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.18
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Benign	0.88
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.23	T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.90
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.83
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D
M_CAP	Benign	0.064	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.93	D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.52	T
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.0	H
PhyloP100		7.1
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.78	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.5	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.76
Sift	Benign	0.061	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.061	T
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.93
MutPred		0.82		Loss of ubiquitination at K131 (P = 0.0532)
MVP		0.83
MPC		1.1
ClinPred		0.94	D
GERP RS		5.4
PromoterAI		0.0035	Neutral
Varity_R		0.98
gMVP		0.95
Mutation Taster		=3/97	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs878855178; hg19: chr17-56772549;