rs879255000

Variant names:

• chr19-11116882-T-A
• rs879255000
• NM_000527.5:c.1729T>A

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr19-11116882-T-A
• chr19-11116882-T-C
• chr19-11116882-T-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 27 ACMG points: 27P and 0B. PS1_Very_Strong PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000527.5(LDLR):​c.1729T>A​(p.Trp577Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Likely pathogenic in ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. W577C) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_000527.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.88
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

LDLR Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1

  Inheritance: AD, SD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, ClinGen
• homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 27 ACMG points.

• PS1: Transcript NM_000527.5 (LDLR) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in ClinVar.
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 28 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 14 uncertain in NM_000527.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11116884-G-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 252004.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 678 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 92 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.12407 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.59338 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.996
• PP5: Variant 19-11116882-T-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11116882-T-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 2174859.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.1729T>A	p.Trp577Arg	missense_variant	Exon 12 of 18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.1729T>A	p.Trp577Arg	missense_variant	Exon 12 of 18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 35

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:1

Feb 22, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces tryptophan, which is neutral and slightly polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 577 of the LDLR protein (p.Trp577Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). A different variant (c.1729T>C) giving rise to the same protein effect has been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 11013454, 15823276, 27919346, 28126585). This suggests that this variant is also likely to be causative of disease. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be disruptive. This variant disrupts the p.Trp577 amino acid residue in LDLR. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 8697568, 11810272; Invitae). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.58	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.60
CADD	Pathogenic	30
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.80
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.67
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.93	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.1	H;.;.;.;.;H
PhyloP100		7.9
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.78	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-14	D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.94
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.97
MutPred		0.96		Loss of catalytic residue at L575 (P = 0.0026);Loss of catalytic residue at L575 (P = 0.0026);.;.;.;Loss of catalytic residue at L575 (P = 0.0026);
MVP		1.0
MPC		1.1
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.5
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		0.99
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.090		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs879255000; hg19: chr19-11227558;