rs905983196

chr3-37048923-A-Gchr3-37048923-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM1 BP4

The NM_000249.4(MLH1):c.2009A>G(p.Lys670Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000103 in 1,461,700 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. K670N) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000010 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MLH1 NM_000249.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.68

Genes affected

MLH1 (HGNC:7127): (mutL homolog 1) The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 17 uncertain in NM_000249.4
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.41654634).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MLH1	NM_000249.4	c.2009A>G	p.Lys670Arg	missense_variant	18/19	ENST00000231790.8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MLH1	ENST00000231790.8	c.2009A>G	p.Lys670Arg	missense_variant	18/19	1	NM_000249.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000103 AC: 15 AN: 1461700 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000688 AC XY: 5 AN XY: 727164

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000126

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.0000329 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Nov 21, 2016

This variant is denoted MLH1 c.2009A>G at the cDNA level, p.Lys670Arg (K670R) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Lysine to an Arginine (AAG>AGG). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. MLH1 Lys670Arg was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, suggesting it is not a common benign variant in these populations. Since Lysine and Arginine share similar properties, this is considered a conservative amino acid substitution. MLH1 Lys670Arg occurs at a position that is conserved across species and is located in the PMS2/MLH3/PMS1 interaction domain and PMS1 interactive domain (Pang 1997, Raevaara 2005). In silico analyses are inconsistent regarding the effect this variant may have on protein structure and function. Based on currently available evidence, it is unclear whether MLH1 Lys670Arg is a pathogenic or benign variant. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Oct 06, 2023

This sequence change replaces lysine, which is basic and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 670 of the MLH1 protein (p.Lys670Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with endometrial cancer (PMID: 32634176). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 422767). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MLH1 protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Jan 21, 2022

The c.2009A>G (p.K670R) alteration is located in exon 18 (coding exon 18) of the MLH1 gene. This alteration results from a A to G substitution at nucleotide position 2009, causing the lysine (K) at amino acid position 670 to be replaced by an arginine (R). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.10
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.31	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.20
Cadd	Uncertain	24
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.77	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.30
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.42
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.89	D;D;.;.;.;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.17	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.42	T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.69	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	2.0	M;.;.;.;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.60	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.7	N;N;N;N;N;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.54
Sift	Benign	0.056	T;T;T;T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.071	T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.035	B;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.54
MutPred		0.44		Loss of ubiquitination at K670 (P = 0.0141);.;.;.;.;.;
MVP		0.97
MPC		0.074
ClinPred		0.78	D
GERP RS		5.9
Varity_R		0.28
gMVP		0.73

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs905983196; hg19: chr3-37090414;