rs978837790

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PVS1_ModerateBS2

The NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1908-2A>G variant causes a splice acceptor, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000496 in 1,613,372 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000041 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

AXIN2
NM_004655.4 splice_acceptor, intron

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 1.000

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:5

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.58

Publications

0 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

AXIN2 (HGNC:904): (axin 2) The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

AXIN2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
tooth agenesis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
craniosynostosis
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

AXIN2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

PVS1

Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, product NOT destroyed by NMD, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 0.09241706 fraction of the gene. Cryptic splice site detected, with MaxEntScore 4.1, offset of 9, new splice context is: tccttgtttggtgcccaaAGcac. Cryptic site results in inframe change. If cryptic site found is not functional and variant results in exon loss, it results in inframe change.

BS2

High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 6 AD gene.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_004655.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	AXIN2	NM_004655.4	MANE Select	c.1908-2A>G		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	NP_004646.3
	AXIN2	NM_001363813.1		c.1713-2A>G		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	NP_001350742.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein
AXIN2	ENST00000307078.10	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1908-2A>G	splice_acceptor intron	N/A	ENSP00000302625.5
AXIN2	ENST00000375702.5	TSL:1	c.1713-2A>G	splice_acceptor intron	N/A	ENSP00000364854.5
AXIN2	ENST00000578251.1	TSL:3	n.128A>G	non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 1 of 3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152100

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000131

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000123

AC:

AN:

243762

AF XY:

0.0000151

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000870

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000411

AC:

AN:

1461272

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

726914

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33478

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000894

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86256

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

52956

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

1111878

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000331

AC:

AN:

60376

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.467

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152100

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74290

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41414

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000131

AC:

AN:

15278

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5176

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4838

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10590

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

68012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.575

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000869

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:2

Aug 14, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The AXIN2 c.1908-2A>G variant disrupts a canonical splice-acceptor site and is predicted to interfere with normal AXIN2 mRNA splicing. The disruption of the splice site is predicted to result in exon 8 (also known as exon 7) skipping and results in an in-frame deletion of exon 8. This variant has been reported to result in aberrant splicing (Ambry Genetics, personal communication regarding ClinVar ID 533167). However, further studies are required to determine the effect of aberrant splicing on AXIN2 protein function. In the published literature, this variant has been reported in individuals with breast cancer (PMID: 34196900 (2021)) and ovarian cancer (PMID: 30322717 (2018)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000087 (3/34494 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant.

Apr 30, 2024

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Canonical splice site variant in a gene or region of a gene for which loss of function is not an established mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 15735151, 30322717, 34196900)

Oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome

Uncertain:1

Jan 17, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change affects an acceptor splice site in intron 7 of the AXIN2 gene. RNA analysis indicates that disruption of this splice site induces altered splicing and likely results in the loss of 3 amino acid residue(s), but is expected to preserve the integrity of the reading-frame. This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.009%). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with breast or ovarian cancer (PMID: 30322717, 34196900). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 533167). Studies have shown that disruption of this splice site results in the activation of a cryptic splice site in exon 8 (internal data). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Colorectal cancer

Uncertain:1

Mar 22, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1

Mar 29, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The c.1908-2A>G intronic variant results from an A to G substitution two nucleotides upstream from coding exon 7 in the AXIN2 gene. Alterations that disrupt the canonical splice site are expected to result in aberrant splicing. In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice acceptor site and will result in the creation or strengthening of a novel splice acceptor site. RNA studies have demonstrated that this alteration results in a transcript predicted to lead to a protein with an in-frame deletion of 3 amino acids; however, the exact functional impact of the deleted amino acids are unknown at this time (Ambry internal data). Another alteration impacting the same acceptor site (c.1908-1G>A) has been shown to have a similar impact on splicing. This nucleotide position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.46

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.25

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.1

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.98

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

PhyloP100

7.6

GERP RS

5.6

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Mutation Taster

=1/99

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Pathogenic

1.0

dbscSNV1_RF

Pathogenic

0.91

SpliceAI score (max)

0.99

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_AG_spliceai

0.95

Position offset: -11

DS_AL_spliceai

0.99

Position offset: -2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Variant Effect in Transcripts

RefSeq Transcripts

Ensembl Transcripts

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over