rs987233144

chr19-7444215-A-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points: 8P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Moderate

The NM_001367823.1(ARHGEF18):c.1372A>G(p.Thr458Ala) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000018 in 1,613,130 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000018 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ARHGEF18 NM_001367823.1 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.32

Genes affected

ARHGEF18 (HGNC:17090): (Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18) Rho GTPases are GTP binding proteins that regulate a wide spectrum of cellular functions. These cellular processes include cytoskeletal rearrangements, gene transcription, cell growth and motility. Activation of Rho GTPases is under the direct control of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and belongs to the Rho GTPase GEF family. Family members share a common feature, a Dbl (DH) homology domain followed by a pleckstrin (PH) homology domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2018]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 8 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.985
• PP5: Variant 19-7444215-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-7444215-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 417754.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars. Variant chr19-7444215-A-G is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr19-7444215-A-G is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
ARHGEF18	NM_001367823.1	c.1372A>G	p.Thr458Ala	missense_variant	14/29	ENST00000668164.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
ARHGEF18	ENST00000668164.2	c.1372A>G	p.Thr458Ala	missense_variant	14/29		NM_001367823.1	A2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000197 AC: 3 AN: 152226 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000441

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000178 AC: 26 AN: 1460904 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000220 AC XY: 16 AN XY: 726704

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000225

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000197 AC: 3 AN: 152226 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000134 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74364

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000441

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.0000564 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000151

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Retinitis pigmentosa 78 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Apr 07, 2017

- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Sep 15, 2023

In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects ARHGEF18 function (PMID: 28132693). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 417754). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with inherited retinal dystrophy (PMID: 28132693; Invitae). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.007%). This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 270 of the ARHGEF18 protein (p.Thr270Ala). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.34	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.25
Cadd	Pathogenic	26
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.92
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.82
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.22	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.63	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.64	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.8	D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.89
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.87		.;Loss of catalytic residue at T270 (P = 0.0331);
MVP		0.39
MPC		1.0
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.0
gMVP		0.71

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs987233144; hg19: chr19-7509101;