10-53840319-C-A

Position:

• chr10-53840319-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PVS1_Moderate PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001384140.1(PCDH15):​c.3983+1G>T variant causes a splice donor, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000205 in 1,461,636 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PCDH15 NM_001384140.1 splice_donor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.86

Genes affected

PCDH15 (HGNC:14674): (protocadherin related 15) This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily. Family members encode integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. It plays an essential role in maintenance of normal retinal and cochlear function. Mutations in this gene result in hearing loss and Usher Syndrome Type IF (USH1F). Extensive alternative splicing resulting in multiple isoforms has been observed in the mouse ortholog. Similar alternatively spliced transcripts are inferred to occur in human, and additional variants are likely to occur. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

PCDH15 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 12 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, product NOT destroyed by NMD, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 0.03369711 fraction of the gene. No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal is inframe change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 10-53840319-C-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr10-53840319-C-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 370764.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PCDH15	NM_033056.4	c.3983+1G>T		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		ENST00000320301.11	NP_149045.3
PCDH15	NM_001384140.1	c.3983+1G>T		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		ENST00000644397.2	NP_001371069.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PCDH15	ENST00000320301.11	c.3983+1G>T		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		1	NM_033056.4	ENSP00000322604.6
PCDH15	ENST00000644397.2	c.3983+1G>T		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant			NM_001384140.1	ENSP00000495195.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251452 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000147 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 135894

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000205 AC: 3 AN: 1461636 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 727154

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000270

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Usher syndrome type 1F Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Apr 08, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard	Jan 24, 2023	The c.3983+1G>T variant in PCDH15 has been reported in 3 individuals with Usher syndrome type 1F (PMID: 25575603, 28984810, Kamenarova 2020) and has been identified in 0.003% (3/113732) of European (non-Finnish) chromosomes by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org; dbSNP ID: rs758921360). Although this variant has been seen in the general population in a heterozygous state, its frequency is low enough to be consistent with a recessive carrier frequency. This variant has also been reported in ClinVar (Variation ID#: 370764) and has been interpreted as pathogenic or likely pathogenic by Invitae, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (University Hospital Tübingen), and Counsyl. Of the 3 affected individuals, 1 of those was a homozygote, and 2 were compound heterozygotes that carried reported likely pathogenic variants in trans and with unknown phase, which increases the likelihood that the c.3983+1G>T variant is pathogenic (VariationID: 370113; PMID: 25575603, 28984810, Kamenarova 2020). This variant is located in the 3' splice region. Computational tools predict a splicing impact through intron retention, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for autosomal recessive Usher syndrome type 1F. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PVS1, PM3, PM2_supporting (Richards 2015). -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tübingen	Oct 23, 2020	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Feb 04, 2022	For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 370764). This variant is also known as IVS30+1G>T and c.3998+1G>T. Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with Usher syndrome and profound hearing loss (PMID: 25575603, 28984810). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is present in population databases (rs758921360, gnomAD 0.003%). This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 29 of the PCDH15 gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in PCDH15 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 11398101, 11487575, 14570705). -

Retinal dystrophy Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Institute of Human Genetics, Univ. Regensburg, Univ. Regensburg

Jan 01, 2021

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.58	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.38
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.1
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.98
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
GERP RS		5.2

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.93
SpliceAI score (max)		1.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai		1.0		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs758921360; hg19: chr10-55600079;