12-102894860-T-G

Variant names:

• chr12-102894860-T-G
• rs62507347
• NM_000277.3:c.227A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Moderate

The NM_000277.3(PAH):​c.227A>C​(p.Glu76Ala) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. E76G) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PAH NM_000277.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:1 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.13
• Publications: 7 publications found

Genes affected

PAH (HGNC:8582): (phenylalanine hydroxylase) This gene encodes a member of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase protein family. The encoded phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme hydroxylates phenylalanine to tyrosine and is the rate-limiting step in phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency of this enzyme activity results in the autosomal recessive disorder phenylketonuria. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

PAH Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health
• classic phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• maternal phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• mild hyperphenylalaninemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• mild phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia/phenylketonuria

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

LOC124902999 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 17 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 6 uncertain in NM_000277.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr12-102894860-T-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 639.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 440 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 8 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: -0.64755 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.0084567 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to phenylketonuria, tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia/phenylketonuria, maternal phenylketonuria, classic phenylketonuria, mild phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.913
• PP5: Variant 12-102894860-T-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr12-102894860-T-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 102634.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000277.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PAH	NM_000277.3	MANE Select	c.227A>C	p.Glu76Ala	missense	Exon 3 of 13	NP_000268.1
	PAH	NM_001354304.2		c.227A>C	p.Glu76Ala	missense	Exon 4 of 14	NP_001341233.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PAH	ENST00000553106.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.227A>C	p.Glu76Ala	missense	Exon 3 of 13	ENSP00000448059.1
	PAH	ENST00000549111.5	TSL:1	n.323A>C		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 3 of 6
	PAH	ENST00000307000.7	TSL:5	c.212A>C	p.Glu71Ala	missense	Exon 4 of 14	ENSP00000303500.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions as Germline

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
1	-	-	Phenylketonuria (1)
-	-	-	not provided (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.18
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.45	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.41
CADD	Benign	22
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.94	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.31
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.45
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.91	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.33	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.91	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.4	M
PhyloP100		7.1
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.50	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.7	N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.70
Sift	Benign	0.074	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.23	T
Polyphen		0.018	B
Vest4		0.73
MutPred		0.81		Loss of disorder (P = 0.0402)
MVP		0.99
MPC		0.032
ClinPred		0.93	D
GERP RS		6.2
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.74
gMVP		0.77
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs62507347; hg19: chr12-103288638;