12-111598978-TTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGC-TTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGC

Position:

• chr12-111598978-TTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGC-TTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGC

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM2 BP3

The NM_001372574.1(ATXN2):​c.56_57insGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCA​(p.Gln19_Gln20insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln) variant causes a disruptive inframe insertion change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as risk factor (★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. Q19Q) has been classified as Benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: ATXN2 NM_001372574.1 disruptive_inframe_insertion
• Clinical Significance: risk factor criteria provided, single submitter O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.273

Genes affected

ATXN2 (HGNC:10555): (ataxin 2) This gene belongs to a group of genes that is associated with microsatellite-expansion diseases, a class of neurological and neuromuscular disorders caused by expansion of short stretches of repetitive DNA. The protein encoded by this gene has two globular domains near the N-terminus, one of which contains a clathrin-mediated trans-Golgi signal and an endoplasmic reticulum exit signal. The encoded cytoplasmic protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, is involved in endocytosis, and modulates mTOR signals, modifying ribosomal translation and mitochondrial function. The N-terminal region of the protein contains a polyglutamine tract of 14-31 residues that can be expanded in the pathogenic state to 32-200 residues. Intermediate length expansions of this tract increase susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, while long expansions of this tract result in spinocerebellar ataxia-2, an autosomal-dominantly inherited, neurodegenerative disorder. Genome-wide association studies indicate that loss-of-function mutations in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to type I diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

ATXN2 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP3: Nonframeshift variant in repetitive region in NM_001372574.1

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ATXN2	NM_001372574.1	c.56_57insGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCA	p.Gln19_Gln20insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln	disruptive_inframe_insertion	1/25	ENST00000673436.1	NP_001359503.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ATXN2	ENST00000673436.1	c.56_57insGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCA	p.Gln19_Gln20insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln	disruptive_inframe_insertion	1/25		NM_001372574.1	ENSP00000500925.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 74

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: risk factor

Submissions summary: Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Other:1

risk factor, criteria provided, single submitter

case-control

UM ALS/MND Lab, University Of Malta

Jul 31, 2020

Elden et al. 2010 reported that intermediate-length (27-33) polyglutamine expansions in ALS are associated with increased risk for ALS, which is supportive of our classification. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs193922927; hg19: chr12-112036782;