NM_000277.3:c.963C>T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -10 ACMG points: 0P and 10B. BS2BS3_SupportingBS1BP7

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: PAH-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied: BS1: >0.02% as set by the PAH specific specifications; BP7: ; BS3_Supporting: cDNA method demonstrates 98% and intinic system demonstrates 81% residual enzyme activity; BS2: 38 homozygotes in gnomAD. In summary this variant meets criteria to be classified as benign for phenylketonuria in an autosomal recessive manner based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied as specified by the PAH Expert Panel: (BS1, BP7, BS3_Supporting, BS2). LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA229873/MONDO:0009861/006

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.014 ( 69 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0016 ( 54 hom. )

Consequence

PAH
NM_000277.3 synonymous

Scores

Clinical Significance

Benign reviewed by expert panel B:8O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: -1.48

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

PAH (HGNC:8582): (phenylalanine hydroxylase) This gene encodes a member of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase protein family. The encoded phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme hydroxylates phenylalanine to tyrosine and is the rate-limiting step in phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency of this enzyme activity results in the autosomal recessive disorder phenylketonuria. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

PAH Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

phenylketonuria
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health
classic phenylketonuria
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
maternal phenylketonuria
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
mild hyperphenylalaninemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
mild phenylketonuria
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia/phenylketonuria
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

PAH links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -10 ACMG points.

BP7

For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

BS1

For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

BS2

For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

BS3

For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PAH	NM_000277.3 link	c.963C>T	p.Leu321Leu	synonymous_variant	Exon 9 of 13	ENST00000553106.6	NP_000268.1
PAH	NM_001354304.2 link	c.963C>T	p.Leu321Leu	synonymous_variant	Exon 10 of 14		NP_001341233.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PAH	ENST00000553106.6 link	c.963C>T	p.Leu321Leu	synonymous_variant	Exon 9 of 13	1	NM_000277.3	ENSP00000448059.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0144

AC:

2185

AN:

152092

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0501

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00517

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000882

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.0120

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.00385

AC:

968

AN:

251262

AF XY:

0.00305

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0527

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00249

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000704

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00229

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00156

AC:

2275

AN:

1461080

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00134

AC XY:

973

AN XY:

726900

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0561

AC:

1875

AN:

33416

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00277

AC:

124

AN:

44712

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26128

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39694

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000186

AC:

AN:

86236

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53414

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00277

AC:

AN:

5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000135

AC:

AN:

1111360

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00379

AC:

229

AN:

60354

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.457

Heterozygous variant carriers

116

232

348

464

580

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Exome Hom

Variant carriers

124

186

248

310

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0144

AC:

2198

AN:

152210

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0140

AC XY:

1040

AN XY:

74424

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0503

AC:

2087

AN:

41514

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00517

AC:

AN:

15292

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3466

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5176

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000207

AC:

AN:

4822

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10610

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000882

AC:

AN:

68012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0118

AC:

AN:

2112

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.502

Heterozygous variant carriers

112

224

336

448

560

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Genome Hom

Variant carriers

110

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.00834

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0167

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000577

AC:

AN:

3478

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Benign

Submissions summary: Benign:8Other:1

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Phenylketonuria

Benign:4

Feb 03, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Sep 16, 2020

Natera, Inc.

Significance:Benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Apr 27, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). No publications were found based on this search. Allele frequency data from public databases allowed determination this variant is unlikely to cause disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as likely benign. -

Jul 29, 2018

ClinGen PAH Variant Curation Expert Panel

Significance:Benign

Review Status:reviewed by expert panel

Collection Method:curation

PAH-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied: BS1: >0.02% as set by the PAH specific specifications; BP7: ; BS3_Supporting: cDNA method demonstrates 98% and intinic system demonstrates 81% residual enzyme activity; BS2: 38 homozygotes in gnomAD. In summary this variant meets criteria to be classified as benign for phenylketonuria in an autosomal recessive manner based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied as specified by the PAH Expert Panel: (BS1, BP7, BS3_Supporting, BS2). -

not specified

Benign:3

Jun 17, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: PAH c.963C>T alters a non-conserved nucleotide resulting in a synonymous change. 5/5 computational tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0039 in 251262 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.053 within the African or African-American subpopulation in the gnomAD database, including 26 homozygotes. The observed variant frequency within African or African-American control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 7-folds higher than the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in PAH causing Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Phenylketonuria) phenotype (0.0079), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of African or African-American origin. Three ClinVar submissions from clinical diagnostic laboratories and an expert panel (ClinGen)(evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as benign. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign. -

Oct 12, 2016

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Feb 27, 2018

GeneDx

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign or benign based on one or more of the following criteria: it is a conservative change, it occurs at a poorly conserved position in the protein, it is predicted to be benign by multiple in silico algorithms, and/or has population frequency not consistent with disease. -

not provided

Benign:1Other:1

Breakthrough Genomics, Breakthrough Genomics

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:not provided

- -

DeBelle Laboratory for Biochemical Genetics, MUHC/MCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Significance:not provided

Review Status:no classification provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.79

CADD

Benign

2.0

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.38

PhyloP100

-1.5

Mutation Taster

=100/0

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.080

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over