NM_002691.4:c.1276G>A

Variant names:

• chr19-50406215-G-A
• rs1060501840
• NM_002691.4:c.1276G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):​c.1276G>A​(p.Gly426Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000013 in 1,613,794 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G426A) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000046 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000096 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: POLD1 NM_002691.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:5 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.83
• Publications: 6 publications found

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
• Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• immunodeficiency 120

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.118132085).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4	c.1276G>A	p.Gly426Ser	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7	c.1276G>A	p.Gly426Ser	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000460 AC: 7 AN: 152090 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.000121

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000294

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000958 AC: 14 AN: 1461704 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 36 AF XY: 0.00000963 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 727152

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000299 AC: 1 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44716

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26124

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39690

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86256

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53384

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000108 AC: 12 AN: 1111892

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000166 AC: 1 AN: 60394

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000460 AC: 7 AN: 152090 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000269 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 74282

African (AFR) AF: 0.000121 AC: 5 AN: 41418

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15264

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5174

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4828

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10610

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000294 AC: 2 AN: 68010

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2088

Alfa AF: 0.0000540 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000227

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10 Uncertain:3

Feb 07, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Oct 24, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 426 of the POLD1 protein (p.Gly426Ser). This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with colorectal cancer (PMID: 25559809). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 408073). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Neuberg Centre For Genomic Medicine, NCGM

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The missense variant c.1276G>Ap.Gly426Ser in POLD1 gene has been reported in heterozygous state in individuals affected with POLD1 related carcinomas Palles et. al., 2013. The p.Gly426Ser variant is novel not in any individuals in gnomAD Exomes and 1000 Genomes. This variant has been reported to the ClinVar database as Uncertain Significance VUS. The amino acid change p.Gly426Ser in POLD1 is predicted as conserved by GERP++ and PhyloP across 100 vertebrates. The amino acid Gly at position 426 is changed to a Ser changing protein sequence and it might alter its composition and physico-chemical properties. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Uncertain Significance VUS.

not provided Uncertain:2

Jul 31, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in individual(s) with colorectal adenomas and/or familial colorectal cancer (Palles et al., 2013; Chubb et al., 2015); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25559809, 23263490, 20951805)

Jan 25, 2023

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000064 (2/31364 chromosomes, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), is uninformative in assessment of its pathogenicity. In the published literature, the variant has been reported in individuals with colorectal cancer (PMIDs: 23263490 (2013), 25559809 (2015)). Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant.

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:1

Mar 06, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.090
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.35	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.74
CADD	Benign	18
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.091	T;.;.;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.61
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.48
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.68	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.0	.;.;T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.014	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.12	T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.93	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	-0.48	N;.;.;N
PhyloP100		2.8
PrimateAI	Benign	0.45	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.58	N;.;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.046
Sift	Benign	0.28	T;.;.;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.46	T;T;T;T
Vest4		0.25
ClinPred		0.44	T
GERP RS		2.4
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.10
gMVP		0.53
Mutation Taster		=95/5	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1060501840; hg19: chr19-50909472; COSMIC: COSV70955221; COSMIC: COSV70955221;