NM_002693.3:c.328C>T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -1 ACMG points: 0P and 1B. BP4

The NM_002693.3(POLG):c.328C>T(p.His110Tyr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000846 in 1,608,446 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00028 ( 0 hom., cov: 34)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000065 ( 1 hom. )

Consequence

POLG
NM_002693.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:9B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.59

Variant links:

Genes affected

POLG (HGNC:9179): (DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit) Mitochondrial DNA polymerase is heterotrimeric, consisting of a homodimer of accessory subunits plus a catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase. The encoded protein contains a polyglutamine tract near its N-terminus that may be polymorphic. Defects in this gene are a cause of progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 1 (PEOA1), sensory ataxic neuropathy dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO), Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS), and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome (MNGIE). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POLG links:

POLGARF (HGNC:56246): (POLG alternative reading frame) This gene uses the same transcript as the POLG gene but has a CUG start codon and an alternate reading frame that makes a 260 aa protein. This protein is distinct from POLG isoforms and may interact with P32 (also known as C1QBP), a mitochondrial matrix protein thought to be involved in the expression of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins. POLGARF protein may bind P32 and sequester it in the nucleolus. Interestingly, some disease-causing mutations thought to be in POLG may instead be associated with POLGARF. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

POLGARF links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -1 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.26894468).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLG	NM_002693.3 link	c.328C>T	p.His110Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 23	ENST00000268124.11	NP_002684.1	P54098E5KNU5
POLG	NM_001126131.2 link	c.328C>T	p.His110Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 23		NP_001119603.1	P54098E5KNU5
POLGARF	NM_001430120.1 link	c.383C>T	p.Ala128Val	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 2		NP_001417049.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLG	ENST00000268124.11 link	c.328C>T	p.His110Tyr	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 23	1	NM_002693.3	ENSP00000268124.5		P54098
POLGARF	ENST00000706918.1 link	c.383C>T	p.Ala128Val	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 2			ENSP00000516626.1		A0A3B3IS91

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000282

AC:

AN:

152274

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000892

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000654

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00103

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.000180

AC:

AN:

238934

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.000183

AC XY:

AN XY:

130928

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000781

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000146

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.000787

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000932

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000169

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000646

AC:

AN:

1456054

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000731

AC XY:

AN XY:

724656

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.000598

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.000112

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.000719

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000830

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000276

AC:

AN:

152392

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000268

AC XY:

AN XY:

74520

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.000865

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.0000653

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00103

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000906

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000276

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00114

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000174

AC:

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000866

AC:

AN:

3478

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:9Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:4

Sep 28, 2020

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

May 01, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Reported previously in a female with hypotonia, failure to thrive, and short stature who did not have a second detectable variant in the POLG gene (PMID: 18546365); Reported previously in the heterozygous state in a child with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and complex I deficiency with no second variant identified; however, segregation information was not provided (PMID: 27826120); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 18546365, 20185557, 33469851, 32348839, 28480171, 30214008, 26934580, 27826120) -

Jul 22, 2022

Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 20, 2017

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy;C1834846:Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 1;C1843851:Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis;C3150914:Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4b;C4225153:Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 1

Uncertain:2

Feb 23, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 30, 2021

Center for Genomics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

POLG NM_002693.2 exon 2 p.His110Tyr (c.328C>T): This variant has been reported in the literature in 1 individual with features of Alpers syndrome (hypotonia, failure to thrive, short stature and respiratory failure) (Wong 2008 PMID:18546365). This variant is present in 0.07% (19/24074) of African alleles in the Genome Aggregation Database (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/15-89876658-G-A). This variant is present in ClinVar (Variation ID:206619). Evolutionary conservation and computational predictive tools suggest that this variant may impact the protein. Functional studies involving yeast suggest that this variant may not impact the protein (Stumpf 2010 PMID:20185557). However, these studies may not accurately represent human biological function. In summary, data on this variant is insufficient for disease classification. Therefore, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain. -

Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Jan 28, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces histidine, which is basic and polar, with tyrosine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 110 of the POLG protein (p.His110Tyr). This variant is present in population databases (rs139599587, gnomAD 0.08%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of POLG-related conditions (PMID: 18546365, 27826120). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 206619). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt POLG protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect POLG function (PMID: 20185557). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Oct 01, 2018

Wong Mito Lab, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The NM_002693.2:c.328C>T (NP_002684.1:p.His110Tyr) [GRCH38: NC_000015.10:g.89333427G>A] variant in POLG gene is interpretated to be a Benign based on ACMG guidelines (PMID: 25741868). This variant meets the following evidence codes reported in the ACMG-guideline. BS2:Observation of the variant in controls is inconsistent with penetrance of Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4A (Alpers type). BS3:Well-established functional studies show no deleterious effect. Based on the evidence criteria codes applied, the variant is suggested to be Benign. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Dec 20, 2021

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: POLG c.328C>T (p.His110Tyr) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00018 in 238934 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.328C>T has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with features of Alpers syndrome, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and sensory ataxic neuropathy with cerebellar syndrome (Wong_2008, Sonam_2017, Deepha_2021). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with POLG-Related Spectrum Disorders. Experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function in yeast assays, demonstrated the variant to function similarly to wild-type (Stumpf_2010). Seven ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as uncertain significance and one ClinVar submitter (evaluation after 2014) cites it as benign. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Inborn genetic diseases

Uncertain:1

Sep 04, 2019

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.H110Y variant (also known as c.328C>T), located in coding exon 1 of the POLG gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 328. The histidine at codon 110 is replaced by tyrosine, an amino acid with similar properties. This alteration has been reported in a three year old patient with some features of Alpers syndrome and in an eleven year old girl with CPEO plus syndrome (Wong LJ et al. Hum. Mutat., 2008 Sep;29:E150-72; Sonam K et al. Mitochondrion, 2017 Jan;32:42-49). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.32

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.10

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.29

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.84

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.81

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.40

MetaRNN

Benign

0.27

ClinPred

0.14

GERP RS

5.1

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over