NM_016362.5:c.101G>C

Variant names:

• chr3-10290080-C-G
• NM_016362.5:c.101G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 0 ACMG points: 2P and 2B. PM2 BP4_Moderate

The NM_016362.5(GHRL):​c.101G>C​(p.Arg34Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,459,876 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GHRL NM_016362.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.445
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

GHRL (HGNC:18129): (ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide) This gene encodes the ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein that is cleaved to yield two peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Its secretion is initiated when the stomach is empty, whereupon it binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus which results in the secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin). Ghrelin is thought to regulate multiple activities, including hunger, reward perception via the mesolimbic pathway, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was initially proposed that obestatin plays an opposing role to ghrelin by promoting satiety and thus decreasing food intake, but this action is still debated. Recent reports suggest multiple metabolic roles for obestatin, including regulating adipocyte function and glucose metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. In addition, antisense transcripts for this gene have been identified and may potentially regulate ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein expression. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

GHRLOS (HGNC:33885): (ghrelin opposite strand/antisense RNA) This gene is an antisense gene of the ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified and they may function as non-coding regulatory RNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 0 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.12296623).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_016362.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GHRL	NM_016362.5	MANE Select	c.101G>C	p.Arg34Thr	missense	Exon 3 of 6	NP_057446.1	Q9UBU3-1
	GHRL	NM_001302821.2		c.101G>C	p.Arg34Thr	missense	Exon 4 of 7	NP_001289750.1	Q9UBU3-1
	GHRL	NM_001302822.2		c.101G>C	p.Arg34Thr	missense	Exon 3 of 6	NP_001289751.1	Q9UBU3-1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GHRL	ENST00000335542.13	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.101G>C	p.Arg34Thr	missense	Exon 3 of 6	ENSP00000335074.8	Q9UBU3-1
	GHRL	ENST00000429122.1	TSL:1	c.101G>C	p.Arg34Thr	missense	Exon 3 of 6	ENSP00000414819.1	Q9UBU3-1
	GHRL	ENST00000457360.5	TSL:1	c.101G>C	p.Arg34Thr	missense	Exon 3 of 6	ENSP00000391406.1	Q9UBU3-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1459876 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 726062

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33472

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44386

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 25996

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39636

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 85860

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53030

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5752

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000180 AC: 2 AN: 1111438

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60306

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Uncertain significance

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	1	-	not specified (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.12
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.21	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.54
CADD	Benign	17
DANN	Benign	0.95
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.64	D
Eigen	Benign	-0.76
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.75
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.25	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.73	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.020	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.12	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.98	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.1	L
PhyloP100		0.45
PROVEAN	Benign	-2.0	N
REVEL	Benign	0.030
Sift	Uncertain	0.0040	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0070	D
Polyphen		0.10	B
Vest4		0.27
MutPred		0.49		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0148)
MVP		0.41
MPC		0.012
ClinPred		0.45	T
GERP RS		2.4
PromoterAI		0.015	Neutral
Varity_R		0.37
gMVP		0.27
Mutation Taster		=95/5	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

hg19: chr3-10331764;